Skip Ring/Circular Skip List: Circular Linked List Based New Data Structure

A linked list is a data structure consisting of a group of nodes which together represent a sequence. Linked lists are used in skip list data structures. They consist of a layered structure and all nodes are in the bottom layer. These nodes are reduced to half towards upper layers and thus a pyramid-like structure is formed, which facilitates search, insertion and removal operations. A circular linked list is a type of linked list in which the last node of the list points back to the first node. Our new data structure, skip ring, is created with the help of circular linked list and skip list data structures. In circular linked list, operations are performed on a single round robin list. However, our new data structure consists of circular link lists formed in layers which are linked in a conical way. Time complexity of search, insertion and deletion equals to O (lg N) in an N-element skip ring data structure. Therefore, skip ring data structure is employed more effectively (O(lg N)) in circumstances where circular linked lists (O(N)) are used. Keywords: Skip Ring, Circular Skip List, Circular Linked List, Skip List, Data Structure

Design of a self-aligned, wide temperature range (300 mK-300 K) atomic force microscope/magnetic force microscope with 10 nm magnetic force microscope resolution

We describe the design of a wide temperature range (300 mK-300 K) atomic force microscope/magnetic force microscope with a self-aligned fibre-cantilever mechanism. An alignment chip with alignment groves and a special mechanical design are used to eliminate tedious and time consuming fibre-cantilever alignment procedure for the entire temperature range. A low noise, Michelson fibre interferometer was integrated into the system for measuring deflection of the cantilever. The spectral noise density of the system was measured to be similar to 12 fm/root Hz at 4.2 K at 3 mW incident optical power. Abrikosov vortices in BSCCO(2212) single crystal sample and a high density hard disk sample were imaged at 10 nm resolution to demonstrate the performance of the system. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC

Complex-valued fractional derivatives on time scales

We introduce a notion of fractional (noninteger order) derivative on an arbitrary nonempty closed subset of the real numbers (on a time scale). Main properties of the new operator are proved and several illustrative examples given.Comment: This is a preprint of a paper whose final and definite form will appear in Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics, ISSN: 2194-1009. Accepted for publication 06/Nov/201

Usporedba osteoimunoloških i mikrobioloških parametara ekstremno kratkih i dužih implantata u stražnjim dijelovima donje čeljusti pod opterećenjem: randomizirano kliničko istraživanje »split-mouth«

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the levels of TNF-α, PGE2, RANKL, RANK, OPG, the markers of periimplant bone loss in peri-implant crevicular fluid obtained around standard and extra short implants. Moreover, the levels of putative oral pathogens were investigated in the submucosal biofilm samples. Material and Methods: The implants were divided into two groups according to their lengths: standard (≥8 mm) and extra short (4 mm). A total of 60 implants were researched in 30 patients. The probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), presence of bleeding on probing (BOP), 3-year survival rate (CSR), and bone loss (BL) were measured. Results: No statistically significant difference was found in the values of PD, CAL, BOP, CSR, and BL between the groups (P> 0.05). Total amounts of PGE2, TNF-α, RANKL, RANK, OPG, and RANKL/OPG were not statistically significantly different between the groups (P> 0.05). The abundance of F. nucleatum, T. forsythia, P. intermedia, P. gingivalis, S. oralis and T. denticola was compared between the groups and the results were not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that PGE2, TNF-α, RANKL, RANK, OPG, and RANKL/OPG in PICF, as well as microbiological parameters in submucosal biofilms, were similar between standard (≥8 mm) and extra short (4 mm) implants. Therefore, the implant length does not seem to influence the bone loss, levels of osteoimmunological and microbiological markers in the peri-implant tissues and survival rates.Cilj: Željelo se procijeniti razine TNF-α, PGE2, RANKL-a, RANK-a i OPG-a, biljega gubitka kosti oko implantata u periimplantatnoj krevikularnoj tekućini oko standardnih i ekstremno kratkih implantata. Nadalje, ispitivane su i razine mogućih oralnih patogena u uzorcima submukoznog biofilma. Materijal i metoda: Implantati su podijeljeni u dvije skupine prema dužini – na standardne (≥ 8mm) i ekstremno kratke (4 mm). Ispitano je ukupno 60 implantata ugrađenih kod 30 sudionika. Mjerena je dubina sondiranja (PD), klinička razina pričvrstka (CAL), krvarenje pri sondiranju (BOP), trogodišnja stopa preživljenja (CSR) i gubitak kosti (BL). Rezultati: Između skupina nije bilo statistički značajne razlike u vrijednostima PD-a, CAL-a, BOP-a, CSR-a i BL-a (p > 0,05). Ukupne vrijednosti TNF-α, PGE2, RANKLa, RANK-a i OPG-a te omjer RANKL/OPG nisu bili statistički značajni između skupina (p > 0,05). Brojnost mikroorganizama F. nucleatum, T. forsythia, P. intermedia, P. gingivalis, S. oralis i T. denticola također je uspoređena, no rezultati nisu bili statistički značajni (p > 0,05). Zaključak: Prema rezultatima dobivenima u ovom istraživanju vrijednosti TNF-α, PGE2, RANKL-a, RANK-a i OPG-a te omjer RANKL/OPG u periimplantatnoj krevikularnoj tekućini i mikrobiološki parametri u submukoznom biofilmu slični su i oko standardnih (≥ 8 mm) i oko ekstremno kratkih (4 mm) implantata. Zato se čini da dužina implantata ne utječe na gubitak kosti i razinu osteoimunoloških i mikrobioloških biljega u periimplantatnom tkivu te na stopu preživljenja

Large structure-dependent room temperature exchange bias in self-assembled BiFeO3 nanoparticles

We studied the magnetic properties of self-assembled aggregates of BiFeO3 nanoparticles (~ 20-40 nm). The aggregates formed two different structures - one with limited and another with massive cross-linking - via `drying-mediated self-assembly' process following dispersion of the nanoparticles within different organic solvents. They exhibit large coercivity H_C (>1000 Oe) and exchange bias field H_E (~ 350-900 Oe) in comparison to what is observed in isolated nanoparticles (H_C ~ 250 Oe; H_E ~ 0). The H_E turns out to be switching from negative to positive depending on the structure of the aggregates with |H_E| being larger. The magnetic force microscopy reveals the magnetic domains (extending across 7-10 nanoparticles) as well as the domain switching characteristics and corroborate the results of magnetic measurements. Numerical simulation of the `drying-mediated-self-assembly' process shows that the nanoparticle-solvent interaction plays an important role in forming the `nanoparticle aggregate structures' observed experimentally. Numerical simulation of the magnetic hysteresis loops, on the other hand, points out the importance of spin pinning at the surface of nanoparticles as a result of surface functionalization of the particles in different suspension media. Depending on the concentration of pinned spins at the surface pointing preferably along the easy-axis direction - from greater than 50\% to less than 50% - H_E switches from negative to positive. Quite aside from bulk sample and isolated nanoparticle, nanoparticle aggregates - resulting from surface functionalization - therefore, offer remarkable tunability of properties depending on structures.Comment: 14 pages, 33 pdf figures. Contact authors for the supplementary data and movie

Marketing mix y satisfacción del cliente en una estación de servicios de Surquillo, Lima 2022

El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre el marketing mix y satisfacción del cliente en una estación de servicios de Surquillo. El método fue de tipo aplicado, diseño no experimental, nivel correlacional y enfoque cuantitativo. La población estuvo conformada por 1405 y una muestra de 91 clientes. Para el procedimiento de recolección se usó el análisis exploratorio, evaluando las variables marketing mix y satisfacción del cliente con el instrumento del cuestionario, de acuerdo a la escala de Likert, que constó de 20 preguntas para la primera variable y 18 para la segunda. Los resultados obtenidos según el estadígrafo de Rho de Spearman indica que existe correlación bilateral entre las variables de Rho=0.799 y un nivel de significancia bilateral de 0.000. Para el procesamiento de datos se usó el programa SPSS Vers-26. Concluyendo la existencia de una correlación positiva muy fuerte, entre las variables marketing mix y satisfacción del cliente. Se recomienda implementar estrategias en cuanto a: producto, precio, plaza y promoción, las cuales tienen una relación directa con la satisfacción del cliente, a través de acciones estratégicas

Sugar, Invertase Enzyme Activities and Invertase Gene Expression in Different Developmental Stages of Strawberry Fruits

The cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is octoploid (2n = 8x = 56) and has been the focused fruit species of which an increasing number of molecular and genetic research has been conducted in recent years. The aim of this study is to identify the relationships between sucrose metabolism, invertase enzyme activity and gene expression in four different fruit development periods (red, pink, green and white) of two commercially important strawberry varieties ‘Rubygem’ and ‘Fortuna’. The metabolite profiles (glucose, fructose, sucrose and total sugar content) of two varieties were discovered to be extremely similar. The highest amount of total sugar was found in red fruits, while the lowest was obtained from green fruits. Invertase represents one of the key enzymes in sucrose metabolism. The lowest invertase activity was obtained from the green fruits in ‘Rubygem’ and ‘Fortuna’ during four developmental periods. In these varieties, the amount of sucrose was found to be close to glucose and fructose and the lowest amount was detected in green period, while invertase activity was relatively high during red and pink periods and invertase gene expression was determined at high levels in both primers (St-4 and St-6) in the green period. The results of the study indicated that sugar content and invertase activity were positively correlated while enzyme activity and gene expression were negatively correlated. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.FBA-2020-12969Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank the Cukurova University Scientific Research Projects (Turkey) (FBA-2020-12969) for financial support