The Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate for Prophylaxis of Migraine in Children

How to Cite This Article: Fallah R, Akhavan Karbasi S, Shajari A, Fromandi M. The Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate for Prophylaxis of Migraine in Children. Iran J Child Neurol. 2013 Autumn; 7(4):7-11.Objective Migraine is the most common acute intermittent primary headache in children and prophylactic therapy is indicated in children with frequent or disabling headaches. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topiramate (TPM) for migraine prophylaxis in children. Materials & Methods In a quasi-experimental study, monthly frequency, severity and duration of headache, migraine disability, and side-effects were evaluated in 100 children who were referred to the Pediatric Neurology Clinic of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran from April 2011 to March 2012, and were treated with 3 mg/kg/day of TPM for three months. Results Fifty eight (57.4%) girls and 42 (41.6%) boys with the mean age of 10.46±2.11 years were evaluated. Monthly frequency, severity, and duration of headache decreased with treatment from 15.34±7.28 to 6.07±3.16 attacks, from 6.21±1.74 to 3.15±2.22, and from 2.28±1.55 to 0.94±0.35 hours, respectively, and the Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment score reduced with TPM from 32.48±9.33 to 15.54±6.16. Transient side-effects were seen in 21% of the patients, including hyperthermia in 11%, anorexia and weight loss in 6%, and drowsiness in 4%. No serious side-effects were reported.  Conclusion TPM could be considered as a safe and effective drug in pediatric migraine prophylaxis. ReferencesHershey AD. Migraine. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, Schor NF, St. Geme JW, Behrman RE, editors Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011. p. 2040-5.The International Classification of Headache Disorders:2nd ed. Headache Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache Society. Cephalalgia 2004;24 Suppl 1:9-160.Hershey AD, Winner PK. Pediatric migraine: recognition and treatment. J Am Osteopath Assoc 2005;105(4 Suppl 2):2S-8S.Jayapal S, Maheshwari N. Question 3. Topiramate for chronic migraine in children. Arch Dis Child  2011;96(3):318-21.Fallah R. Topiramate as a new antiepileptic drug in epileptic children in Iran. Indian J Pediatr 2006;73(12):1073-5.Hershey AD, Powers SW, Vockell ALB, LeCates SL, Kabbouche MA, Maynard MK. PedMIDAS: Development of a questionnaire to assess disability of migraines in children. Neurology 2001;57(11):2034-9.Wewers ME, Lowe NK. A critical review of visual analogue scales in the measurement of clinical phenomena. Res Nurs Health 1990;13(4):227-36.Ashtari F, Shaygannejad V, Akbari M. A doubleblind, randomized trial of low-dose topiramate vs propranolol in migraine prophylaxis. Acta Neurol Scand 2008;118(5):301-5.Tonekaboni SH, Ghazavi A, Fayyazi A, Khajeh A, Taghdiri MM, Abdollah Gorji F, Azargashb E.Prophylaxis of childhood migraine: Topiramate versus Propranolol. Iran J Child Neurol 2013 ; 7(1):9-14.Winner P, Pearlman EM, Linder SL, Jordan DM, Fisher AC, Hulihan J; Topiramate Pediatric Migraine Study Investigators. Topiramate for migraine prevention in children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Headache 2005;45(10):1304-12.Lewis D, Winner P, Saper J, Ness S, Polverejan E, Wang S, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topiramate for migraine prevention in pediatric subjects 12 to 17 years of age. Pediatrics 2009;123(3):924-34.Borzy JC, Koch TK, Schimschock JR. Effectiveness of topiramate in the treatment of pediatric chronic daily headache. Pediatr Neurol 2005;33(5):314-6.Campistol J, Campos J, Casas C, Herranz JL. Topiramate in the prophylactic treatment of migraine in children. J Child Neurol 2005;20(3):251-3.Cruz MJ, Valencia I, Legido A, Kothare SV, Khurana DS, Yum S, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of topiramate in pediatric migraine. Pediatr Neurol 2009;41(3):167-70.Aydin M, Kabakus N, Bozdag S, Ertugrul S. Profile of children with migraine. Indian J Pediatr 2010;77(11):1247-51.Unalp A, Uran N, Oztürk A. Comparison of the effectiveness of topiramate and sodium valproate in pediatric migraine. J Child Neurol 2008;23(12):1377-81. Lakshmi CV, Singhi P, Malhi P, Ray M. Topiramate in the prophylaxis of pediatric migraine: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Child Neurol 2007;22(7):829-35.Vollono C, Ferraro D, Valeriani M. Antiepileptic drugs in the preventive treatment of migraine in children and adolescents. Drug Development Research 2007;68:355-9.  19. Ferraro D, Di Trapani G. Topiramate in the prevention of pediatric migraine: literature review. J Headache Pain 2008;9(3):147-50

Comparison between NFC/RFID and bar code system for halal tags identification: Paired sample t-test evaluation

Malaysia is a modern Muslim country where the research on Halal product identification is at the peak. In this study, the authors have developed the mobile applications which is based on Radio Frequency Identification near filed communication RFID/NFC. The author first developed the database based on the data from Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia JAKIM, which is a Malaysian Halal logo identification authority then the mobile application which uses the near filed communication to detect the Halal food using the Radio Frequency Identification. In this paper authors have performed the experimental analysis by comparing the Bar code system that is compared to parallel time detected by the simple webcam for the Halal Logo Identification and the new developed RFID/NFC mobile applications. Paired sample T-Test was performed by using the SPSS 23.0 version. The results revealed that there is significantly difference between the usability, efficiency, affordability, security and satisfaction. The users are more satisfied with the newly developed mobile application as compared to old halal logo system in Malaysia

Analysis and enhancement of the denoising depth data using kinect through iterative technique

Since the release of Kinect by Microsoft, the, accuracy and stability of Kinect data-such as depth map, has been essential and important element of research and data analysis. In order to develop efficient means of analyzing and using the kinnect data, researchers require high quality of depth data during the preprocessing step, which is very crucial for accurate results. One of the most important concerns of researchers is to eliminate image noise and convert image and video to the best quality. In this paper, different types of the noise for Kinect are analyzed and a unique technique is used, to reduce the background noise based on distance between Kinect devise and the user. Whereas, for shadow removal, the iterative method is used to eliminate the shadow casted by the Kinect. A 3D depth image is obtained as a result with good quality and accuracy. Further, the results of this present study reveal that the image background is eliminated completely and the 3D image quality in depth map has been enhanced

Blood vessels segmentation based on three retinal images datasets

Retinal images are routinely acquired and retinal blood vessels are segmented to provide diagnostic evidence of diabetic retinopathy. Due to the acquisition process, usually these images are non-uniformly illuminated and demonstate local lu minosity and contrast variability. Based on four image processing techniques, namely, Matched filter, Hough transform, Morphological operations and Watershed, the retinal blood vessels have been segmented. Then, their strengths and weaknesses are mathematically compared in terms of retinal images segmentation. Each algorithm performance was tested on DRIVE, DRIONS and High-Resolution Fundus images database. The results show that measuring the automatic segmentation algorithm performance is based mainly on how the retinal images are acquired as well as the image processing technique used for segmentation. Neural Network has been used to recognize the retinal images. The obtained results could help the eye specialists to visually examine the retinal images

A hybrid method using kinect depth and color data stream for hand blobs segmentation

The recently developed depth sensors such as Kinect have provided new potential for human-computer interaction (HCI) and hand gesture are one of main parts in recent researches. Hand segmentation procedure is performed to acquire hand gesture from a captured image. In this paper, a method is produced to segment hand blobs using both depth and color data frames. This method applies a body segmentation and an image threshold techniques to depth data frame using skeleton data and concurrently it uses SLIC super-pixel segmentation method to extract hand blobs from color data frame with the help of skeleton data. The proposed method has low computation time and shows significant results when basic assumption are fulfilled

Comparing Violence against Women with and Without an Addicted Spouse in ‎Kashan, Iran

Background: Although some studies have been conducted on violence against women, but all these studies were conducted in the general population and not the wives of addicts. This study was aimed to compare the violence against women with and without an addicted spouse. Methods: This comparative study was conducted on 200 married women in Kashan, Iran. 100 cases were females with addicted spouse and 100 were women with non-addict husbands. Data collected using Haj-Yahia violence questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics and chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal–Wallis tests, odds ratio (OR) and Kendall's correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. Findings: The overall mean score of violence was 69.29 ± 14.84 for the women with addicted husbands and 40.02 ± 9.26 in women with non-addicted spouses (P < 0.001). The mean score of psychological violence was 39.03 ± 7.60 in women with addicted spouses and 21.86 ± 6.11 in those with non-addicted husbands (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the mean score of physical violence was 20.98 ± 6.50 in women with addicted spouses and 12.2 ± 2.55 in those with non-addicted husbands (P < 0.001). Moreover, the mean scores of sexual violence were 4.52 ± 2.21 and 3.28 ± 0.75 in women with and without addicted spouses, respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The overall rate of violence was significantly higher among women with addicted spouse and especially if the spouse abused more than one type of substances. Further investigations are suggested on the effects of opium withdrawal or changes in the substance abused on the rate of violence against women

Efficacy and safety of conventional long acting β2- agonists: systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is usually considered one of the leading causes of death worldwide, so finding proper therapeutic strategies for this disease is of high importance. In this meta-analysis, we reviewed the existing literature on the efficacy and safety of conventional long acting beta agonists (LABAs) in COPD patients. Methods: We searched MEDLINE and Google scholar to identify relevant articles. We limited data to double-blinded randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Data of 14, 832 COPD subjects including 7540 patients under a &beta;2 agonist (cases) and 7292 taking placebo (controls) retrieved from 20 randomized controlled trials and were enrolled into this meta-analysis. Evaluated outcomes included overall mortality, exacerbations and tolerance to the drug. Results: The analysis of survival showed no significant difference between those taking LABAs or placebo (relative risk (RR): 0.945, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.821-1.088, P=0.432). Exacerbation rate, however, was significantly lower among the cases than among the controls (RR: 0.859, 95%CI: 0.800-0.922, p<0.001). Similar observation was detected in analyzing the rate of drug withdrawal in patients of the two groups with patients under placebo having significantly higher rate of drug discontinuation due to adverse events or disease symptoms (RR:0.821, 95% CI: 0.774-0.871; p<0.007). Conclusion: In conclusion, we found that the use of conventional LABA therapy in COPD patients is associated with a lower exacerbation rate of the disease as well as higher tolerance to the drug, but no survival advantage is expectable. Substitution of LABAs with new agents is recommended

Automated animation of quadrupeds using procedural programming technique

In this research a simple yet efficient means of generating quadruped animation using trigonometric based mathematical equations with expressions were discussed. The technique proposed through this research is based on two tier animation control curve. The base simulation is driven through procedural model using trigonometric sinus and cosine functions to generate a sinusoidal motion curve with control parameters. The trigonometric sinus and cosine functions are used with control attributes to produce involuntary, procedurally generated base animation. In the top layer, animation is manipulated and customized by the animator through custom user controllable manipulators. These manipulators are created through an automated procedural rigging technique, based on forward and inverse kinematics controls. The User is provided with various attributes to control the locomotion gaits and create varying types of gaits from walking, running and trotting with complete custom mechanism to easily extend the base simulation as per requirements through an intuitive Graphical User Interface (GUI)

An adoption of Halal food recognition system using Mobile Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and near field communication (NFC)

This study is focused on validating halal status for food products by using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) or Near Field Communication (NFC) technology to enhance existing methods in Malaysia. In this research, an effective method to identify and confirm the food status is proposed. Besides, designing a database of halal products, halal identification and validation applications for android smart phones are considered. Investigation on advanced technologies to introduce an RFID based identification system using current smart phones and evaluation of other methods to realize the suitable method is highlighted