FREE TRADE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH RESOURCES OF IRAN AGRICULTURE

Free trading is considered as index of global economy and factor economic growth in many countries. In this study along with recognition of growth resources, those factors such as surplus value, Labour, capital, energy, government planning and expenditure which playing the main role in economic growth has been identified and analyzed. Also, international trade index impact along with other effective factors on surplus value are considered and estimated. The results show that Labour and energy are the most effective inputs on surplus value respectively. Then supposing that the sector experienced a productive agronomic year and supporting that Iran country was committed to a free trading framework, the relationships between various related variables were analyzed through the econometric & quantitative method to recommend an acceptable situation for joining free trade in global economy process. With respect to significant of international trade coefficient, the result indicates that in study period (1971-2000) the free trading trend had positive impact on surplus value and growth of agricultural sector and moving toward global economy will surplus its sum. But, prevailing difficulties in the agriculture sector's structure and organization may retarded the economic growth, although investment on training programs can improves the growth of agricultural sector and government investment in various part of the this section would be of huge significance. In this research related data are analyzed and after obtaining the results based on discussion some recommendations are presented.Free trading, agriculture, investment, Labour, energy., International Development, International Relations/Trade,

Health Tourism in Iran; Identifying Obstacles for Development of This Industry

Medical tourism plays an important role in national revenue of many countries; This industry earns about 100 billion dollars for the governments each year. However, Tourism is not developed in Iran and it is in its initial paces. As a matter of fact, the Ministry of Health recognized tourism-therapy in 2003. In addition, by doing this, rather than supporting tourism-therapy, the ministry mainly tried to create new jobs for the graduates of medical sciences. However, tourism-therapy was introduced as an independent industry in 2004 by the merger The Cultural Heritage Organization to The Iran and World Tourism. According to the planning, the Iranian government has devised plans to cover 30% of medical and health needs of the country, by the end of 4th national development program, through exporting medical products and services. Therefore, determining the obstacles in the way of optimum development of tourism-therapy industry is of great help to the country

Assessment of an Unshielded Electron Field Diode Dosimeter for Beam Scanning in Small-to Medium-Sized 6 MV Photon Fields

Abstract Introduction Radiotherapy planning systems require many percentage depth dose (PDD) and profile measurements and there are various dosimeters that can be used to obtain these scans. As dose perturbation is particularly troublesome in smaller photon fields, using a low-perturbation, unshielded electron field diode (EFD) in these fields is of interest. The aim of this work was to investigate the suitability of an unshielded diode for beam scanning in 3×3 cm 2 , 5×5 cm 2 , and 10×10 cm 2 , 6 MV fields. Materials and Methods An EFD was used for all the scans. For comparison, in profile measurements, a tungsten-shielded photon field diode (PFD) was also used. PDDs were measured using the PFD and an RK ionization chamber. Results Very good agreement (0.4%) was found between the PDDs measured with EFD and PFD for the two larger fields. However, the difference between them exceeded 1.0% slightly for the smallest field, which may be attributed to the effect of the larger PFD perturbation. The RK chamber PDDs around 10 cm depth were 1-2% lower than those measured with the diodes. There was good agreement (<1 mm) between EFD-and PFD-measured penumbra widths. Conclusion The EFD generally agrees well with the PFD and may even perform better in smaller fields

FREE TRADE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH RESOURCES OF IRAN AGRICULTURE

Free trading is considered as index of global economy and factor economic growth in many countries. In this study along with recognition of growth resources, those factors such as surplus value, Labour, capital, energy, government planning and expenditure which playing the main role in economic growth has been identified and analyzed. Also, international trade index impact along with other effective factors on surplus value are considered and estimated. The results show that Labour and energy are the most effective inputs on surplus value respectively. Then supposing that the sector experienced a productive agronomic year and supporting that Iran country was committed to a free trading framework, the relationships between various related variables were analyzed through the econometric & quantitative method to recommend an acceptable situation for joining free trade in global economy process. With respect to significant of international trade coefficient, the result indicates that in study period (1971-2000) the free trading trend had positive impact on surplus value and growth of agricultural sector and moving toward global economy will surplus its sum. But, prevailing difficulties in the agriculture sector's structure and organization may retarded the economic growth, although investment on training programs can improves the growth of agricultural sector and government investment in various part of the this section would be of huge significance. In this research related data are analyzed and after obtaining the results based on discussion some recommendations are presented

Comparison of NNARX, ANN and ARIMA Techniques to Poultry Retail Price Forecasting

The lack of study among the economic forecasting literature that can empirically proves the hypothesis of being more powerfulness of dynamic neural networks in comparison with the static neural networks models for forecasting, is the most important motivation of this study. In this paper, the utilization of NNARX as a nonlinear dynamic neural network model, ANN as a nonlinear static neural network model and ARIMA as a linear model were compared to forecast poultry retail price. As a case study on Iranian poultry retail price, we compare forecast performance of these models for three forecasts (1, 2 and 4 week ahead). Results show that NNARX and ANN models outperform ARIMA model, and also NNARX model outperforms ANN model for all three forecasts

Kinetic Analysis of the Reaction between Tannic Acid (TA) and L-Lysine Diisocyanate (LDI) Systems

The kinetics of the synthesis of green polyurethane from the reaction between tannic acid (TA) and L-lysine diisocyanate (LDI) were investigated using the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) technique and dynamic rheological tests. The evaluation of the reaction behavior of the prepared samples was carried out using nonisothermal conditions at dynamic heating rates of 5, 10, 15, and 20°C/min. The evolution of the activation energy with conversion was computed through the five isoconversional methods of Ozawa-Flynn-Wall and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), the Ozawa-Flynn-Wall method (OFW), Friedman (FR), Starink, and Vyazovkin. The average activation energy calculated from these methods was estimated at 46.5, 46.8, 47.2, 47.3, and 51.4 KJ/mol, respectively. The preexponential factor was evaluated at 5.04×105 1/s. The overall reaction order (n+m) was also found to be around 1.8912. The results of the combination of the model-free method and model-fitting approach exhibited that the reaction mechanism was an autocatalytic type, implying the autocatalytic effect of the urethane groups formed during the reaction. The obtained kinetic for TA/LDI was verified through its good agreement with the experimental data. Moreover, the results found from the isothermal rheological test show that with increasing temperature, the gelation time decreases

Improving the Quantity and Quality of Biogas Production in Tehran Anaerobic Digestion Power Plant by Application of Materials Recirculation Technique

Tehran anaerobic digestion power plant has been built on the eastern margin of the urban district by the purpose of processing the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. One of the most suitable methods for the treatment of organic matter is the use of anaerobic digestion (AD) process, which in addition to significant reduction of organic solid wastes, will produce valuable energy. Contributing to maintain the environment, improve urban health, saving on fossil fuels and producing rich fertilizer for agricultural use are important advantages of anaerobic digestion. The plant has been set up in 2014 with a nominal acceptance capacity of 300 tons of organic solid wastes per day and the nominal power generation of 2000 kWe. This system has been faced with considerable challenges in terms of quantity and quality of biogas during operation. The high concentration of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in produced biogas and the lack of appropriate technologies in the plant for biogas refining are critical for the biogas generator engine deployed in the complex. The purpose of this article is to investigate the factors affecting the quality and quantity of Tehran's AD plant biogas using various H2S reduction approaches and selection of appropriate implementing technologies. The results showed that the recirculation of the digester slurry increased the methane content by more than 30% and reduced H2S by more than 98%

Comparison of Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods to Rank Business Strategies and Marketing Resources

Given the growing competition in domestic and international agricultural product markets, choosing a business strategy compatible with requirements of marketing resources can guide agro-food firms to maintain and enhance competitive advantages. However, this is not as simple as it seems because the decision-making criteria expressed in a fuzzy manner and the relationship between them can be hierarchical or network-based. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to select the most suitable business strategy and to prioritize marketing resources for one of the major agro-food firms in Iran. To ensure the robustness of the results, both fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy analytic network process (ANP) were applied to prioritize business strategies and marketing resources. The results of both methods revealed that the differentiation strategy had the highest priority in terms of the experts' viewpoints. The results also showed that managerial and customer relationship capabilities were the most important criteria in selecting the differentiation strategy. According to the findings of the study, for the successful implementation of the differentiation strategy, company managers are recommended to take the following three main elements into huge consideration: financial conditions, paying attention to customer’s needs and requirements, and the introduction of new products and services

Comparison of Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods to Rank Business Strategies and Marketing Resources

Given the growing competition in domestic and international agricultural product markets, choosing a business strategy compatible with requirements of marketing resources can guide agro-food firms to maintain and enhance competitive advantages. However, this is not as simple as it seems because the decision-making criteria expressed in a fuzzy manner and the relationship between them can be hierarchical or network-based. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to select the most suitable business strategy and to prioritize marketing resources for one of the major agro-food firms in Iran. To ensure the robustness of the results, both fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy analytic network process (ANP) were applied to prioritize business strategies and marketing resources. The results of both methods revealed that the differentiation strategy had the highest priority in terms of the experts' viewpoints. The results also showed that managerial and customer relationship capabilities were the most important criteria in selecting the differentiation strategy. According to the findings of the study, for the successful implementation of the differentiation strategy, company managers are recommended to take the following three main elements into huge consideration: financial conditions, paying attention to customer’s needs and requirements, and the introduction of new products and services