A new species of <i>Cephalorhyncha</i> Adrianov, 1999 (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Aegean Coast of Turkey

Kinorhynchs are marine, microscopic ecdysozoan animals that are found throughout the world's ocean. Cephalorhyncha flosculosa sp. nov. is described from the Aegean Coast of Turkey. Samples were collected from intertidal zones at two localities. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by having flosculi in midventral positions on segment 3-8, and by differences in its general spine and sensory spot positions. Until now, species of Cephalorhyncha were only known from the Pacific Ocean, hence, this record of the genus at the Aegean Sea not only expands its geographic distribution to Turkey, but is likely to expand it throughout the Mediterranean Sea and much of southern Europe. The new species of Cephalorhyncha represents the fifth kinorhynch species recorded from Turkey, and increases also the number of known Cephalorhyncha species to four

Antioksidativni učinci N-acetilcisteina, lipoične kiseline, taurina i kurkumina u mišićnom tkivu šarana (Cyprinus carpio L.) tretiranih kadmijem

We investigated the muscle tissue of a teleost Cyprinus carpio L. to find out whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC), alpha-lipoic acid (LA), taurine (TAU), and curcumin (CUR) were able to counteract oxidative stress induced by acute exposure to cadmium (Cd). The muscle tissue was dissected 96 h after a single intraperitoneal injection of Cd (5 mg kg-1) and of antioxidant substances (50 mg kg-1). Using spectrophotometry, we determined the glutathione redox status, lipid peroxidation levels and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione disulphide reductase (GR). Accumulation of Cd in the muscle was analysed using inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). All substances lowered Cd levels in the following order of effi ciency; LA=NAC>TAU=CUR. Cadmium increased SOD activity, but CAT activity declined, regardless of antioxidant treatment. Treatment with CUR induced GPx activity. Treatment with TAU lowered Cd due to higher total glutathione (tGSH). The most effective substances on lipid peroxidation were LA and NAC due to a greater Cd-lowering potential. It seems that the protective role of TAU, LA, and NAC is not necessarily associated with antioxidant enzymes, but rather with their own activity.Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi mogu li N-acetilcistein (NAC), α-lipoična kiselina (LA), taurin (TAU) i kurkumin (CUR) svojim antioksidativnim djelovanjem smanjiti razinu oksidativnog stresa u mišićnom tkivu šarana (Cyprinus carpio L.) akutno otrovanih kadmijem. Uzorci mišićnog tkiva skupljeni su 96 h nakon što su ribama intraperitonealno injicirani kadmij (5 mg kg-1) i ispitivani antioksidansi (50 mg kg-1). Primjenom spektrofotometrijskih metoda izmjereni su redoks status glutationa, razine lipidne peroksidacije te aktivnosti enzima superoksid dismutaze (SOD), katalaze (CAT), glutation peroksidaze (GPx) i glutation disulfi d reduktaze (GR). Maseni udio kadmija u mišićnom tkivu izmjeren je s pomoću metode induktivno spregnute plazme – optičke emisijske spektrometrije (ICP-OES). Ispitivani spojevi smanjili su nakupljanje kadmija u tkivu šarana sljedećim redoslijedom: LA=NAC>TAU=CUR. Tretman šarana kadmijem izazvao je porast aktivnosti SOD, ali se aktivnost CAT smanjila bez obzira na primjenu antioksidativnih spojeva. Dodatak CUR pojačao je aktivnost GPx. Dodatak TAU povećao je razinu ukupnoga glutationa te smanjio nakupljanje kadmija. Svi spojevi osim CUR smanjili su razinu lipidne peroksidacije te pretpostavljamo da su LA i NAC pridonijeli detoksifi kaciji kadmija. Rezultati istraživanja upućuju na to da testirani spojevi, osim CUR, imaju antioksidativni učina

Effects of Lead+Selenium Interaction on Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Brain and Accumulation of Metal in Tissues of Oreochromis niloticus (L., 1758)

The potential accumulation of lead in different tissues of Oreochromis niloticus and the effects of selenium in AChE inhibition caused by lead in brain were investigated. Juvenile O. niloticus samples were exposed to combination of 1 mg L-1 and 2 mg L-1 lead and 1mg L-1 lead+2mg L-1 selenium and 2mg L-1 lead+4mg L-1 selenium for 1, 7 and 15 days respectively. The accumulation of lead in gill, brain, liver and muscle tissues was analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) as well as brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE, E.C.3.1.1.7) enzyme activity was also analyzed by spectrophotometric method. No mortality was observed during lead exposure in relation to time period and exposed concentrations. Lead accumulation was occurred in all tissues in relation to time. Maximum lead accumulation occurred in brain tissue, followed by the liver, gills and muscle tissues in relation to time period. Selenium caused decrease accumulation of lead in tissues (all selenium mixtures in muscle tissue on the first day, 1mg L-1 Pb+2mg L-1 selenium in gill tissue on the seventh day, in liver tissue on the seventh day except 2mg L-1 Pb+4mg L-1 selenium mixtures) at the end of each of all three test periods. Inhibition of AChE activity was caused by the highest concentration and by the short-term effect of lead. Such effect of lead was eliminated by selenium mixture. Lead and selenium mixture were resulted an increase in activity on 15th day at the highest concentration. Selenium led to decrease in the accumulation of lead in the tissues and caused to improvement in the loss of AChE activity

Taxonomic position of and generic distinction between <i>Parepactophanes</i> Kunz, 1935 and <i>Taurocletodes</i> Kunz, 1975 (Copepoda, Canthocamptidae <i>incertae sedis</i>), with description of a new species from the Black Sea

Both sexes of a new species of Taurocletodes Kunz, 1975 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Canthocamptidae incertae sedis) are described from sandy beaches along the Black Sea coast of Turkey. The genus Taurocletodes is removed from its synonymy with Parepactophanes Kunz, 1935 and re-instated as a valid genus, accommodating the type species T. dubius (Noodt, 1958) comb. nov. and T. tumenae sp. nov. Both genera can be differentiated by major differences in the segmentation of P1–P3 endopods, the absence/presence of penicillate setae on P1 endopod, the number of outer spines on P2–P4 exp-3, the armature of P2–P4 endopods and the sexual dimorphism of P2 endopod and P3 exopod. T. tumenae sp. nov. and T. dubius are morphologically very similar, differing in morphometric characters related to the endopodal segmentation of P1 and P4, and armature of the male P5. The controversial taxonomic status of Parepactophanes and Taurocletodes within the family Canthocamptidae is discussed

The life cycle of Paracyclops fimbriatus (Fischer, 1853) (Copepoda, Cyclopoida)

Volume: 62Start Page: 41End Page: 7

Partial revision of Paracyclops Claus, 1893 (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Cyclopidae) with descriptions of four new species

Volume: 64Start Page: 111End Page: 20

Disentangling the subgeneric division of <i>Arenopontia</i> Kunz, 1937: resurrection of <i>Psammoleptastacus</i> Pennak, 1942, re-examination of <i>Neoleptastacus spinicaudatus</i> Nicholls, 1945, and proposal of two new genera and a new generic classification (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Arenopontiidae)

A new generic classification is proposed for the 32 valid species of the interstitial marine family Arenopontiidae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida), primarily based on new observations of type species and reliable descriptions from the literature. The subgeneric division of Arenopontia Kunz, 1937 is abolished, and both Arenopontia and Neoleptastacus Nicholls, 1945 are upgraded to full generic rank. Arenopontia is restricted to the subterranea group, comprising Arenopontia subterranea Kunz, 1937 (type), Arenopontia problematica Masry, 1970, Arenopontia nesaie Cottarelli, 1975, and Arenopontia riedli Lindgren, 1976. The doubtful status of both Arenopontia pontica Apostolov, 1969 and recent Egyptian records of A. nesaie is discussed, and the alleged cosmopolitanism of A. subterranea is reviewed. Arenopontia is characterized by the unique morphology of the P1 (prehensile endopod, armature of distal segments of exopod and endopod). The genus Psammoleptastacus Pennak, 1942 is reinstated to accommodate Psammoleptastacus arenaridus Pennak, 1942 (type), Arenopontia stygia Noodt, 1955 and Psammoleptastacus barani sp. nov. The latter is described from the Turkish Black Sea coast, and had previously been identified as A. stygia in Bulgarian waters. The species identified as A. subterranea by Rao & Ganapati in 1969 is considered species inquirenda in Psammoleptastacus. Neoleptastacus is resurrected to accommodate all arenopontiids that have an inner spinous process on the P5. The Chilean species Arenopontia clasingi Mielke, 1985, Arenopontia pacifica Mielke, 1985, and Arenopontia spicata Mielke, 1985 are transferred to Neoleptastacus. The genus Pararenopontia Bodiou & Colomines, 1986 is considered a junior synonym of Neoleptastacus, with its type species Pararenopontia breviarticulata (Mielke, 1975) being relegated to species incertae sedis in this genus. The monotypic genus Mesopontia gen. nov. is established to accommodate Arenopontia dillonbeachia Lang, 1965, which holds an intermediate position between Arenopontia and Neoleptastacus. Material from Puget Sound identified as Arenopontia spinicaudata (Nicholls, 1945) by Chappuis in 1958 is attributed to Mesopontia dillonbeachia comb. nov.Psammoleptastacus orientalis Krishnaswamy, 1957, Arenopontia intermedia Rouch, 1964, and Arenopontia peteraxi Mielke, 1982 are transferred to a new genus, Onychopontia gen. nov., together with Onychopontia nichollsi sp. nov. (type), which was discovered among type material of Neoleptastacus spinicaudatus Nicholls, 1945. Redescriptions are given for A. nesaie, P. arenaridus, N. spinicaudatus, and M. dillonbeachia. A key to the five arenopontiid genera as well as keys (or comparative tables) to the species of Arenopontia, Onychopontia, Mesopontia, and the spinicaudatus lineage of Neoleptastacus are provided

The Paracyclops fimbriatus-complex (Copepoda, Cyclopoida): a revision

Volume: 20Start Page: 563End Page: 60