Places of microemulsion and emulsion in cancer therapy: In vitro and in vivo evaluation

Cancer is one of the most challenging health problems of the developing world. Cancer is actually a heterogenic group of disease which is mainly characterized by altered cell growth and apoptotic systems within the cell. All carcinogens or mutagens cause some damage to the DNA of the cell. This alteration may be in a wide pattern ranging from a single base pair mutation to chromosomal aberrations. The DNA mutations that are not repaired before the next cell division cycle pass on to the daughter cells and thus result in the accumulation of DNA mutations in the nucleus. All scientific studies on carcinogenesis show that cancer is a genetic disease caused by means of molecular change [1,2]. © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

The controlled release systems [DENETIMLI SALIM YAPAN SISTEMLER]

With many drugs, the basic goal of therapy is to achieve a steady state blood or tissue level that is therapeutically effective and nontoxic for an extended period of time. A basic objective in dosage form design is to optimize the delivery of medication so as to achieve a measure of control of the therapeutic effect in the face of uncertain fluctuations in the in vivo environment in which drug release takes place. In this article release mechanisms, advantages and disadvantages of controlled release dosage forms will be discussed

Is mean platelet volume really a severity marker for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome without comorbidities?

PubMed ID: 25309752Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common disorder that can lead to significant cardiovascular complications. Several studies have reported increased platelet activation and aggregation in patients with OSAS. In this study we aimed to show a correlation between mean platelet volume (MPV) and severity of OSAS in patients with OSAS without any overt cardiac disease or diabetes. The polysomnography recordings of 556 consecutive patients admitted to the sleep laboratory between January 2012 and July 2012 were retrospectively evaluated. The relationship between polysomnographic parameters and biochemical parameters was assessed. Polysomnographic results of 200 patients (154 males [77%]; mean age, 44.5 ± 11.4 years) were included. No correlation was observed between MPV and the average oxygen saturation index, the minimum desaturation index, or the oxygen desaturation index in the study population as well as in severe OSAS group (AHI > 30). The only correlation was found between MPV and AHI in the severe OSAS group P = 0.010. MPV was not correlated with OSAS severity in patients without any overt cardiac disease or diabetes. These findings raise doubts about the suggestion that MPV might be a marker for OSAS severity, as recommended in earlier studies. Thus, further prospective data are needed. © 2014 Sinem Nedime Sökücü et al

Early tracheal stenosis causing extubation failure and prolonged ventilator dependency

Postintubation stenosis is the most frequent cause of benign tracheal stenosis and may cause reintubation and delay in weaning of intensive care unit patients. This case study describes typical patients with tracheal stenosis and the management of these patients. Five patients requiring reintubation and mechanical ventilation due to early intubation-related stenosis are discussed. Stridor developed in three cases after extubation. In these cases, bronchoscopy revealed tracheal stenosis. Dilatation and silicone stent placement were performed using rigid bronchoscopy. The other two patients were on ventilators when they were admitted to the intensive care unit and their stenoses were also treated by rigid bronchoscopy. Hypercapnia and hypoxia resolved after intervention in three cases. Of the remaining two patients, one had the tracheostomy closed and in the other patient ventilation was stopped but the tracheostomy was maintained. Tracheal stenosis developing in the subglottic region after extubation, especially after exposure to cuff pressure, may lead to reintubation. A tracheostomy may hinder the diagnosis of progressive stenosis and may lead to unnecessary maintenance of ventilator treatment. Early intubation-related tracheal stenosis should therefore be considered in cases of weaning or extubation failure and prompt appropriate investigation and treatment