Comparative Cytogenetics of Two Squalius Bonaparte, 1837 Species (Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae)

The karyotypes and other chromosomal characteristics of Anatolian endemic species Squalius carinus Özuluğ and Freyhof (Ichthyol Explor Freshw 22(2):107–148, 2011) and S. fellowesii (Günther, 1868) (Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae) were analysed by means of sequential Giemsa staining, C-banding and silver staining. The diploid chromosome numbers were invariably 2n = 50; their karyotypes were composed of 12 pairs of metacentric, ten pairs of submetacentric and three pairs of subtelo-acrocentric chromosomes in S. carinus, whereas ten pairs of metacentric, ten pairs of submetacentric and five pairs of subtelo-acrocentric chromosomes in S. fellowesii. No heteromorphic sex chromosomes were detected. The largest chromosome pair in their karyotypes was a subtelo-acrocentric chromosome. C-positive heterochromatins were observed on the pericentromeric regions of most of the chromosomes in the studied species. In addition, heterochromatic blocs were observed in the karyotype of S. carinus. The nucleolus organizer regions were detected terminally on the short (p) arms of single submetacentric chromosome pair in both species. Our study thus confirmed overall conservatism of leuciscin karyotypes. © 2020, Shiraz University

Ag-NOR karyotypes of five endemic pseudophoxinus bleeker, 1860 (Teleostei: Leuciscidae) species from anatolia

This study presents Ag-NOR (silver-nucleolus organizer region) karyotypes of five endemic Pseudophoxinus species from Anatolia. The specimens were collected from central and southern Anatolia. The collected specimens were carried alive to the laboratory. Chromosome slides were prepared and Ag-staining technique was applied. Ag-NOR metaphases were photographed with a camera-equipped light microscope. Karyotypes of this metaphases were arranged. Ag-NORs were distributed between the second and eighth submetacentric chromosome pairs in the studied species. This study reveals the details of the Ag-NOR distributions on the karyotypes and may improve the cytogenetic data of the genus. Published by Central Fisheries Research Institute (SUMAE) Trabzon, Turkey

Karyomorphology of Two Cyprinid Barbels (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Gediz River, Turkey

Abstract: Barbus pergamonensis Karaman, 1971 and Luciobarbus lydianus (Boulenger, 1896) were studied karyologically. Karyotypes and chromosomal banding techniques with C-banding and silver staining were determined. Diploid chromosome numbers (2n) were invariably 100; karyotypes were composed of 26 metasentric (m), 20 submetacentric (sm) and 54 subtelo-acrocentric (st-a) chromosomes in B. pergamonensis and 24 m, 22 sm and 54 st-a chromosomes in L. lydianus. No heteromorphic sex chromosomes were determined. C-bands were observed on the pericentromeric regions of some of the chromosomes in the studied species. Multiple nucleolus organizer regions were detected in both species. This study shall contribute to barbels cytotaxonomy. © 2022, Allerton Press, Inc

Comparative cytogenetics of four endemic Capoeta (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) species from Anatolia, Türkiye

The genus Capoeta is an important taxon covering a wide distribution in Türkiye. However, only a few genetic studies on Capoeta species reported from Türkiye. There is no cytogenetical study in Capoeta aydinensis Turan, Küçük, Kaya, Güçlü & Bektaş, 2017, Capoeta bergamae Karaman, 1969, Capoeta erhani Turan, Kottelat & Ekmekçi, 2008 and Capoeta pestai (Pietschmann, 1933). Thus, in this study, we karyotyped through classical cytogenetic techniques (Giemsa staining, Ag-NORs, and C-banding) the four endemic Capoeta species. The diploid chromosome number invariably was 150 in the four species. However, chromosome morphologies in the karyotypes had some differences between them. The number of biarmed chromosomes in the karyotypes was higher in all studied species. Their karyotypes contained respectively: 54 metacentric, 42 submetacentric and 54 subtelo-acrocentric in C. aydinensis, 56 metacentric, 30 submetacentric and 64 subtelo-acrocentric in C. bergamae, 50 metacentric, 42 submetacentric and 58 subtelo-acrocentric in C. erhani and 44 metacentric, 40 submetacentric and 66 subtelo-acrocentric chromosomes in C. pestai. C-bands were on the pericentromeres of most chromosomes in the four species. Three chromosome pairs carry rDNA genes in all studied species. The chromosomal locations of these sites were varied between the species. This study provides new insights into the chromosomal data of the hexaploid cyprinids. Moreover, obtained cytogenetic results should be conclude the cytotaxonomy of the genus Capoeta that distributed in Türkiye

KARYOTYPE PROPERTIES OF PSEUDOPHOXINUS FIRATI (PISCES: CYPRINIDAE)

Bu çalışma; Tohma Çayı'ndan (Sivas ili, Gürün ilçesi, Yazyurdu köyü) alınan Pseudophoxinus firati Bogutskaya, Küçük ve Atalay, 2006 (Pisces: Cyprinidae) örneklerinin kromozom özelliklerinin sitogenetik (karyotip, C-bantlama ve nükleolus organizatör bölge-NOR) yöntemler ile tanımlanması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Örneklerin karyotip analizleri için Collares-Pereira (1992)'nın Havada Kurutma'' tekniği kullanılmıştır. Hazırlanan preparatlara C-bantlama yapmak için Sumner (1972)'ın tekniği, gümüş boyama için ise Howell ve Black (1980)'in ‘‘a 1-step'' tekniği kullanılmıştır. Diploid kromozom sayısı 19 çift meta-submetasentrik, 6 çift subtelosentrik olmak üzere 2n=50 ve NF=88 bulunmuştur. Morfolojik olarak eşey kromozom farklılaşması gözlenmemiştir. C-bantlama ile 6 çift kromozom üzerinde konstitütif heterokromatin bölge tespit edilmiştir. Orta büyüklükte 2 çift submeta-subtelosentrik kromozomun kısa kollarında NOR gözlenmiştir. Bugüne kadar kromozomal bir çalışma yapılmamış olan P. firati türünden elde ettiğimiz bilgilerin; balık sitogenetiği ve taksonomisine katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.This study was carried out on the chromosomal features of samples belonging to the Pseudophoxinus firati Bogutskaya, Küçük & Atalay, 2006 (Pisces: Cyprinidae) collected from Tohma Çayı (Sivas Province, Gürün district, Yazyurdu village) by cytogenetic studies (karyotype, C-banding and nucleolus organizer region-NOR). Air drying technique described by Collares-Pereira (1992) was used for karyotype analysis. Technique of Sumner (1972) was used for C-banding of sample preparations, whereas the a 1-step technique of Howell and Black (1980) was used for silver staining. The diploid chromosome complement was 2n= 50, consisting of 19 pairs of meta-submetacentric, 6 pairs of subtelocentric and NF=88. Sex chromosomes were morphologically undifferentiated. Constitutive heterochromatin region with C-banding was determined on the 6 pairs of chromosomes. NOR was observed on the short arms of 2 pairs of medium sized submeta-subtelocentric chromosomes. There was no chromosomal study on P. firati, thus this study may contribute to cytogenetic and taxonomy of this and related species. Science Code : 203.1.048 Key Words : Pseudophoxinus firati, Cyprinidae, karyotype, C-banding, nucleolus organizer region

Cytogenetic Studies On Some Species Of Pseudophoxinus (Pisces, Cyprinidae) From Anatolia

Bu tez çalışmasında Pseudophoxinus battalgilae Bogutskaya, 1997, P. burduricus Küçük, Gülle, Güçlü, Çiftçi & Erdoğan, 2013, P. egridiri (Karaman, 1972), P. evliyae Freyhof & Özuluğ, 2009, P. fahrettini Freyhof & Özuluğ, 2009 ve P. maeandri (Ladiges, 1960) örneklerinde sitogenetik araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Metafaz hücreleri havada kurutma tekniği ile elde edilmiştir. Konstitütif heterokromatin bölgeleri C-bantlama tekniği ile nükleolus organizatör bölgeleri (NOR) ise gümüş boyama tekniği ile tespit edilmiştir. Çalışılan türlerin diploit kromozom sayılarının aynı olduğu (2n=50) fakat karyotiplerinin farklı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Karyotiplerinin: P. battalgilae'de 8 çift metasentrik (m), 14 çift submetasentrik (sm) ve 3 çift subtelo-akrosentrik (st-a); P. burduricus'da 9 çift m, 13 çift sm ve 3 çift st-a; P. egridiri'de 7 çift m, 14 çift sm ve 4 çift st-a; P. evliyae'de 7 çift m, 15 çift sm ve 3 çift st-a; P. fahrettini'de 8 çift m, 13 çift sm ve 4 çift st-a; P. maeandri'de ise 5 çift m, 16 çift sm ve 4 çift st-a kromozomdan oluştuğu belirlenmiştir. Karyotiplerdeki en uzun kromozom çifti st-a olarak ölçülmüştür. P. egridiri, P. fahrettini ve P. maeandri'nin kol sayısı 92; P. battalgilae, P. burduricus ve P. evliyae'nin ise 94 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Eşey kromozomları farklılaşması gözlenmemiştir. Analiz edilen türlerde çok sayıda kromozomun sentromerinde konstitütif heterokromatin bölgeler tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca P. egridiri ve P. fahrettini'de bazı kromozomların sentromer çevresinde heterokromatik bloklar da belirlenmiştir. P. burduricus, P. egridiri ve P. fahrettini'de 1 çift sm kromozomun kısa kollarının ucunda; P. battalgilae, P. evliyae ve P. maeandri'de ise 2 çift sm kromozomun kısa kollarının ucunda NOR gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca P. battalgilae, P. burduricus, P. evliyae ve P. fahrettini'ye ait bazı örneklerde NOR sayısı, lokasyonu ve büyüklüğü bakımından polimorfizm de belirlenmiştir.In this study the cytogenetics of Pseudophoxinus battalgilae Bogutskaya, 1997, P. burduricus Küçük, Gülle, Güçlü, Çiftçi & Erdoğan, 2013, P. egridiri (Karaman, 1972), P. evliyae Freyhof & Özuluğ, 2009, P. fahrettini Freyhof & Özuluğ, 2009 and P. maeandri (Ladiges, 1960) were studied. Metaphase cells were obtained by using air drying technique. C-banding technique was used for determining constitutive heterochromatin regions whereas silver staining was used for determining nucleolus organizer regions (NORs). Diploid chromosome numbers of analyzed species were found to be the same (2n=50) but their karyotypes were different. Karyotypes were as follows: 8 pairs of metacentric (m), 14 pairs of submetacentric (sm) and 3 pairs of subtelo-acrocentric (st-a) for P. battalgilae; 9 pairs of m, 13 pairs of sm and 3 pairs of st-a for P. burduricus; 7 pairs of m, 14 pairs of sm and 4 pairs of st-a for P. egridiri; 7 pairs of m, 15 pairs of sm and 3 pairs of st-a for P. evliyae; 8 pairs of m, 13 pairs of sm and 4 pairs of st-a for P. fahrettini; 5 pairs of m, 16 pairs of sm and 4 pairs of st-a chromosomes for P. maeandri. For all species studied, the largest chromosome pair of the complements was st-a. Fundamental arm number was calculated as 92 in P. egridiri, P. fahrettini and P. maeandri, and 94 in P. battalgilae, P. burduricus and P. evliyae. For all species studied, sex chromosome differentiations were not observed. Constitutive heterochromatin regions were found on the centromeres of several chromosomes in all species studied. Additionally heterochromatic blocks were determined in the pericentromeres of some chromosome pairs in P. egridiri and P. fahrettini. NORs were detected in the telomeres of the short arms of 1 pair of sm chromosome in P. burduricus, P. egridiri and P. fahrettini while in the telomeres of the short arms of 2 pairs of sm chromosomes in P. battalgilae, P. evliyae and P. maeandri. Also NOR polymorphisms were observed on some specimens of P. battalgilae, P. burduricus, P. evliyae and P. fahrettini for number, location and size

Chromosomal Analyses of Cobitis phrygica Battalgazi, 1944 and C-simplicispina Hanko, 1925 (Teleostei, Cobitidae)

WOS: 000447357400013The purpose of this study is to reveal diploid chromosome number, karyotype and chromosomal banding properties with C-banding and Ag-staining in Cobitis phrygica Battalgazi, 1944 and C. simplicispina Hanko, 1925 from Turkey. Metaphase chromosomes were obtained from kidney cells. Both species had a same diploid chromosome number of 2n=50. Karyotypes were composed of four pairs of metacentric, four pairs of submetacentric and 17 pairs of subtelo-acrocentric chromosomes in C. phrygica, and eight pairs of metacentric, eight pairs of submetacentric and nine pairs of subtelo-acrocentric chromosomes in C. simplicispina. Fundamental arm numbers were calculated as 66 in C. phrygica and as 82 in C. simplicispina. C-bands were observed on the pericentromeric regions of most chromosomes in both species. Nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) were determined on one pair of chromosomes in both species

Fırat Nehri’ndeki Pseudophoxinus firati Bogutskaya, Küçük & Atalay, 2007 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae)’nin karyotip, NOR ve C-bantlama analizi

Fırat Nehir sisteminde yaşayan Pseudophoxinus firati Bogutskaya, Küçük & Atalay, 2007 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae)’nin karyotip, C-bantlama ve nükleolus organizatör bölge analizi yapıldı. Metafaz kromozomları böbrek hücrelerinden elde edildi. Diploid kromozom sayısı 19 çift meta-submetasentrik ve 6 çift subtelosentrik olmak üzere 2n = 50 ve kol sayısı 88 bulundu. Eşey kromozomu farklılaşması gözlenmedi. C-bantlama ile altı çift kromozomun perisentromerlerinde heterokromatin bölge tespit edildi. Orta büyüklükte 2 çift submeta-subtelosentrik kromozomun kısa kollarında NOR gözlendi. Bu çalışmanın, yapılacak olan sitogenetik araştırmalara katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.Pseudophoxinus firati Bogutskaya, Küçük & Atalay, 2007 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) living in the Euphrates River system were analyzed in terms of their karyotype, C-banding, and nucleolus organizer region properties. Metaphase chromosome spreads were obtained from kidney cells. The diploid chromosome number was found to be 2n = 50, of which 19 pairs were meta-submetacentric and 6 pairs were subtelocentric, and the fundamental number was found to be 88. No sex chromosome differentiation was observed. C-banding revealed heterochromatin in the pericentromeric regions of 6 pairs of chromosomes. NORs were identified on the short arms of 2 pairs of medium-sized submeta-subtelocentric chromosomes. This study may contribute to other cytogenetic research

Karyotype, NORs, and C-banding analysis of Pseudophoxinus firati Bogutskaya, Kucuk & Atalay, 2007 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) in the Euphrates River, Turkey

WOS: 000297081000010Pseudophoxinus firati Bogutskaya, Kucuk & Atalay, 2007 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) living in the Euphrates River system were analyzed in terms of their karyotype, C-banding, and nucleolus organizer region properties. Metaphase chromosome spreads were obtained from kidney cells. The diploid chromosome number was found to be 2n = 50, of which 19 pairs were meta-submetacentric and 6 pairs were subtelocentric, and the fundamental number was found to be 88. No sex chromosome differentiation was observed. C-banding revealed heterochromatin in the pericentromeric regions of 6 pairs of chromosomes. NORs were identified on the short arms of 2 pairs of medium-sized submeta-subtelocentric chromosomes. This study may contribute to other cytogenetic research