AN OVERVIEW ON PLANTS WITH ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL

Inflammation is a protective mechanism of the body which involves vascular tissues, plasma proteins or cells and chemical mediators for the removal of hazardous stimuli like pathogens, allergens, irritants or cell damage and initiates the healing process. Anti-inflammatory drugs like steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used to treat inflammation. Recently, the synthetic drugs shows a number of side effects such as kidney failure, ulceration and bleeding, liver damage etc. Therefore a search for the other substitute with no or less side effects is necessary. Plants are used from ancient times to treat various serious disorders. Plant constitutes a large number of chemicals which are responsible for the treatment of disease in an archaistic manner. The present review was pile up various plants with anti-inflammatory potential

Development and synthesis of oligonucleotide building blocks and conjugates for therapeutic applications

The research and development of oligonucleotide therapeutics has been a topic of great importance in life sciences. The potential to treat rare genetic diseases can be demonstrated simply by highlighting the increasing amount of approved oligonucleotide-based drugs. However, the delivery and stability issues of oligonucleotides complicate the transition to clinic and hampers the development in the field. Numerous oligonucleotide modifications have been developed to improve their properties and to overcome these limitations. This thesis focuses on the development and preparation of selected compounds, which are designed to improve the oligonucleotide properties related to stability and delivery. The first chapter (papers I and II) presents the development of a versatile synthetic platform for oligonucleotide-conjugate synthesis. The linkers, specifically developed for oligonucleotide conjugation, are compatible with automated oligonucleotide synthesis conditions and enable the incorporation of e.g., biologically active moieties at any position of the oligonucleotide sequence. Therefore, this approach enables the preparation of constructs with tailored properties. The development and synthesis of orthogonal linkers is described in this chapter together with the preparation of several different oligonucleotide conjugates, bearing different biologically active moieties/modalities. Furthermore, stability studies are performed on one of the linkers to evaluate its potential to be used during automated oligonucleotide synthesis in the future. The second chapter (paper III) describes the upscaling and optimization for the synthesis of methyl-uridine and methyl-cytidine nucleosides bearing 2′-O-(N-(aminoethyl)carbamoyl)-methyl modification. Since this modification showed promising results in nuclease stability and cellular uptake, larger amounts of modified nucleosides are necessary for future evaluations. Therefore, the syntheses of 2′-modified MeC and MeU building blocks are developed and demonstrated at larger (up to 100 g) scales. The final nucleosides are prepared as phosphoramidites to allow for the direct incorporation into an oligonucleotide sequence during the automated oligonucleotide synthesis. Suitable work-up and alternative purification strategies to reduce the number of chromatographic steps are also explored in this chapter

Ultrasonicated synthesis of 1-(2-hydroxyaryl)-3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-prop-2-en-1-ones and their antimicrobial screening

Abstract: A facile synthesis of title compounds has been carried out under ultrasound irradiation. The main advantages of the present procedure are shorter reaction time and higher yield. Products have been characterized by IR, PMR, CMR, GCMS study and screened for their antimicrobial activity

REPEAT USERS OF CRISIS RESOLUTION AND HOME TREATMENT TEAM

CRHT services have reduced admissions to psychiatric hospitals. Some patients use CRHT services repeatedly. We reviewed the first 30 patients who were repeat users of the CRHT services, Luton, between 1 August 2010 and 31 July 2011. The repeat users were a small group of patients needing disproportionately large amounts of resources from the CRHT service. The factors associated with repeat use of CRHT were past psychiatric admission and the diagnoses of emotionally unstable personality disorder, self-harm behaviour and substance misuse. Identifying the factors leading to repeat CRHT use could lead to providing a more tailored service and reduce repeat use of these services. It appears that repeat CRHT service use might be the result of the interaction of a wide range of factors relating to underlying disorder, substance misuse, self harm behaviour, employment status and social support. It is also important to note that many of the patients are liable to relapse as they go through stressful life situations, despite adequate medication and psychosocial intervention. It can be difficult to identify all the factors that contribute to a pattern of repeat presentation to CRHT services. However, identification of such factors might help clinicians to offer more targeted services and might also assist commissioners in focusing resources effectively. They might need more intensive community-based programs to identify and treat the relapses. The CRHT teams should include all the appropriate professional disciplines required to provide community care for these challenging service users

PROTECTIVE ROLE OF DAIDZEIN AGAINST CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN EXPERIMENTAL RATS

Objective: To evaluate the protective effect of daidzein on cyclophosphamide (CPA) induced nephrotoxicity in experimental rats.Methods: The Wistar rats of either sex were randomly divided into five equal groups: Group I (normal saline 1 ml p. o.), Group II (CPA 150 mg/mg i. p), Group III (Daidzein 20 mg/kg p. o.+CPA 150 mg/kg, i. p.), Group IV (Daidzein 40 mg/kg p. o.+CPA 150 mg/kg, i. p.) and Group V (Daidzein 40 mg/kg p. o., alone). Rats of all groups except Group I and Group V treated with CPA in a dosage of 150 mg/mg i. p in the last five days of treatment. Blood samples were collected on 11th day from each rat and subjected for the evaluation of serum markers such as Serum creatinin, serum urea and serum uric acid. Kidney of each rat was excised and subjected for antioxidant parameters evaluation such as malonyl dialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and histopathological study.Results: Daidzein explored a significant (P<0.001) role in CPA-induced nephrotoxicity by suppressing serum creatinine, serum urea and serum uric acid. Daidzein also demonstrated significant (P<0.001) protection against CPA-induced nephrotoxicity by decreasing MDA level and by elevating the GSH, SOD, catalase at different doses.Conclusions: The obtained results of present study revealed that daidzein attenuates the CPA-induced nephrotoxicity by antioxidant defence action in rats

EFFECTS OF VARIOUS STRUCTURAL DOMAIN OVER FUNDAMENTAL TIME PERIOD OF RC STRUCTURES

When a structure is subjected to an earthquake, the seismic forces propel the structure into motion and vibrate the structure in different directions. The time that the structure takes for a single oscillation is called the time period. The longest of these is called the natural time period. The natural time lag and damping of the structure has phenomenal effects on the response of structures. According to IS 1893 (2002), the approximate natural time span (T) in seconds is affected by two parameters: the height of the structure and secondly the base dimension of the building. In this study, parameters are examined that, in addition to height and base dimensions, can extend the natural time span of RC structures. The lengthening of the natural time periods leads to an improved response of the RC structure. The time course analysis of various R.C. Imperial Valley (1940) ground motion models were performed using CSI Etabs 2016 and SAP 2000

Phytochemical Profile and Antiobesity Potential of <em>Momordica charantia</em> Linn.

Momordica charantia L. is growing in many tropical and subtropical regions; the fruits of bitter melon are also gradually becoming popular for treating diabetes and associated diseases. Over 248 compounds belonging to the lipids, phenolics and terpenoids class are reported by diverse studies. However, M. charantia L. appears to be an inimitable species that synthesizes a diverse range of natural products in the fruits, leaves, stems and roots. The cucurbitane types of triterpenes exist in the various tissues of the plant in their aglycone as well as glycosylated forms. The bitter melon seems to exert their lipid lowering and antiobesity effects via several mechanisms like PPARs, LXRs, SREBPs, and Sirts mediated fat metabolism in various tissues, prevent adipocyte hypertrophy and visceral fat accumulation. M. charantia L. has been comprehensively studied worldwide for its therapeutic properties to treat a number of diseases like diabetes, dyslipidaemia, obesity, and certain cancers. This chapter apparently displays an encompassing literature review on vast potential of bitter melon as antiobesity agent and assembles data on complex phytochemistry

SECONDARY ENURESIS & BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER IN A CAUCASIAN MALE WITH CATATONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA: A case report

We describe a patient with Schizophrenia and secondary enuresis. The enuresis settled with resolution of his psychotic symptoms but later remerged after starting Clozapine. We explore the mechanisms of incontinence in Schizophrenia and those due to Clozapine. This case highlights the need to inquire about incontinence in patients with schizophrenia prior to prescribing clozapine

Sociodemographic determinants of medical termination of pregnancy along with contraceptive practices

Background: Though the most common reasons for medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) is unwanted pregnancy due to nonuse of contraceptives by the women of reproductive age group and other are pregnancy before marriage or due to rape. Several studies indicate that most abortions are sought to limit family size or space the next pregnancy. There is need to study relation of MTP with contraceptive practices.Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted at Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital, Narhe, Pune, to study socio-demographic factors associated with medical termination of pregnancy and its relation with contraceptive practices. Total 1840 women seeking care for medical termination of pregnancy were interviewed after their informed consent during period of January 2015 to December 2017. A detailed history regarding age, religion, income, marital status, parity, history of previous MTP, indications for MTP, use of contraception, gestational age was taken.Results: Statistical analysis-chi square test of significance for qualitative data using SPSS software version 24.0. The proportion of women coming for MTP due to nonuse of contraceptives was 86% the other indications for MTP were medical condition (9%) and contraceptive failure (5%). The factors like age, religion, education and socioeconomic status were significantly associated with MTP.Conclusions: There is need to counsel women of reproductive age group that MTP is not a way to control unwanted birth