Mathematical Models of Electrochemical Aqueous Sodium Chloride Solutions (Anolyte and Catholyte) as Types of Water. Study of the Effects of Anolyte on the Virus of Classical Swine Fever Virus.

The results of antimicrobial action of an acid (anolyte) solution in electrochemical activation of sodium chloride are provided. Mathematical models are made of an acid (anolyte) and alkaline (catholyte) solution in electrochemical activation of sodium chloride. Anolyte water is produced by electrolyzing salt in the anode chamber of an electrolytic cell. Catholyte water is produced by electrolyzing water in the anode chamber of an electrolytic cell. Under laboratory conditions cell culture and organ suspensions of Classical swine fever virus were treated with anolyte. By inoculating them with cell cultures quality (displayed) viral presence (presence of viral antigen) was reported using the immunoperoxidase technique. It was found that: anolyte did not affect the growth of the cell culture PK-15; viral growth in the infection of a cell monolayer with a cell culture virus was affected in the greatest degree by anolyte in 1:1 dilution and less by the other dilutions; viral growth in the infection of a cell suspension with cell culture virus was affected by anolyte in dilution 1:1 in the greatest degree, and less by the other dilutions; viral growth in the infection with a virus in organ suspension of a cell monolayer was affected by the anolyte in all dilutions applied. In order to provide additional information about the antiviral activity of anolyte, and about the distribution of water molecules according to the energies of the hydrogen bonds, mathematical models are made of anolyte and catholyte (Ignatov, Mosin, 2013). This review reports about the research on the structure of intermolecular water cyclic associates (clusters) with general formula (?2?)n and their charged ionic clusters [H+(?2?)n]+ and [OH-(?2?)n]- by means of computer modeling and spectroscopy methods as 1?-NMR, IR-spectroscopy, DNES, EXAFS-spectroscopy, X-Ray and neurons diffraction. Computer calculation of polyhedral nanoclusters (?2?)n, where n = 3–20 is carried out. Based on this data, the main structural mathematical models describing water structure (quasicrystalline, continious, fractal, fractal-clathrate) were examined and some important physical characteristics were obtained. The average energy of hydrogen bonding among ?2? molecules in the process of cluster formation was measured by the DNES method compiles -0.1067 ± 0.0011 eV. It was also shown that water clusters formed from D2? were more stable, than the ones from ?2? due to isotopic effects of deuterium. The distribution according to energies of the hydrogen bonds in anolyte and catholyte as a percentage of the molecules with a certain value of hydrogen bonds to the total amount. The measurement of (-E) is in the range of 0.08 to 0.14 eV. Keywords: anolyte, cell culture, CSF virus, disinfection, hydrogen bond, water, structure, clusters

Electrochemical Aqueous Sodium Chloride Solutions (Anolyte and Catholyte) as Types of Water. Mathematical Models. Study of the Effects of Anolyte on the Virus of Classical Swine Fever Virus.

The results of antimicrobial action of an acid (anolyte) solution in electrochemical activation of sodium chloride are provided. Mathematical models are made of an acid (anolyte) and alkaline (catholyte) solution in electrochemical activation of sodium chloride. Anolyte water is produced by electrolyzing salt in the anode chamber of an electrolytic cell. Catholyte water is produced by electrolyzing water in the anode chamber of an electrolytic cell. Under laboratory conditions cell culture and organ suspensions of Classical swine fever virus were treated with anolyte. By inoculating them with cell cultures quality (displayed) viral presence (presence of viral antigen) was reported using the immunoperoxidase technique. It was found that: anolyte did not affect the growth of the cell culture PK-15; viral growth in the infection of a cell monolayer with a cell culture virus was affected in the greatest degree by anolyte in 1:1 dilution and less by the other dilutions; viral growth in the infection of a cell suspension with cell culture virus was affected by anolyte in dilution 1:1 in the greatest degree, and less by the other dilutions; viral growth in the infection with a virus in organ suspension of a cell monolayer was affected by the anolyte in all dilutions applied. In order to provide additional information about the antiviral activity of anolyte, and about the distribution of water molecules according to the energies of the hydrogen bonds, mathematical models are made of anolyte and catholyte (Ignatov, Mosin, 2013). This review reports about the research on the structure of intermolecular water cyclic associates (clusters) with general formula (?2?)n and their charged ionic clusters [H+(?2?)n]+ and [OH-(?2?)n]- by means of computer modeling and spectroscopy methods as 1?-NMR, IR-spectroscopy, DNES, EXAFS-spectroscopy, X-Ray and neurons diffraction. Computer calculation of polyhedral nanoclusters (?2?)n, where n = 3–20 is carried out. Based on this data, the main structural mathematical models describing water structure (quasicrystalline, continious, fractal, fractal-clathrate) were examined and some important physical characteristics were obtained. The average energy of hydrogen bonding among ?2? molecules in the process of cluster formation was measured by the DNES method compiles -0.1067 ± 0.0011 eV. It was also shown that water clusters formed from D2? were more stable, than the ones from ?2? due to isotopic effects of deuterium. The distribution according to energies of the hydrogen bonds in anolyte and catholyte as a percentage of the molecules with a certain value of hydrogen bonds to the total amount. The measurement of (-E) is in the range of 0.08 to 0.14 eV. Keywords: anolyte, cell culture, CSF virus, disinfection, hydrogen bond, water, structure, clusters

Study of the Effects of Electrochemical Aqueous Sodium Chloride Solution (Anolyte) on the Virus of Classical Swine Fever Virus. Mathematical Models of Anolyte and Catolyte as Types of Water

The results of antimicrobial action of an acid (anolyte) solution in electrochemical activation of sodium chloride are provided. Mathematical models are made of an acid (anolyte) and alkaline (catholyte) solution in electrochemical activation of sodium chloride. Anolyte water is produced by electrolyzing salt in the anode chamber of an electrolytic cell. Catholyte water is produced by electrolyzing water in the anode chamber of an electrolytic cell. Under laboratory conditions cell culture and organ suspensions of Classical swine fever virus were treated with anolyte. By inoculating them with cell cultures quality (displayed) viral presence (presence of viral antigen) was reported using the immunoperoxidase technique. It was found that: anolyte did not affect the growth of the cell culture PK-15; viral growth in the infection of a cell monolayer with a cell culture virus was affected in the greatest degree by anolyte in 1:1 dilution and less by the other dilutions; viral growth in the infection of a cell suspension with cell culture virus was affected by anolyte in dilution 1:1 in the greatest degree, and less by the other dilutions; viral growth in the infection with a virus in organ suspension of a cell monolayer was affected by the anolyte in all dilutions applied. In order to provide additional information about the antiviral activity of anolyte, and about the distribution of water molecules according to the energies of the hydrogen bonds, mathematical models are made of anolyte and catholyte (Ignatov, Mosin, 2013). This review reports about the research on the structure of intermolecular water cyclic associates (clusters) with general formula (?2?)n and their charged ionic clusters [H+(?2?)n]+ and [OH-(?2?)n]- by means of computer modeling and spectroscopy methods as 1?-NMR, IR-spectroscopy, DNES, EXAFS-spectroscopy, X-Ray and neurons diffraction. Computer calculation of polyhedral nanoclusters (?2?)n, where n = 3–20 is carried out. Based on this data, the main structural mathematical models describing water structure (quasicrystalline, continious, fractal, fractal-clathrate) were examined and some important physical characteristics were obtained. The average energy of hydrogen bonding among ?2? molecules in the process of cluster formation was measured by the DNES method compiles -0.1067 ± 0.0011 eV. It was also shown that water clusters formed from D2? were more stable, than the ones from ?2? due to isotopic effects of deuterium. The distribution according to energies of the hydrogen bonds in anolyte and catholyte as a percentage of the molecules with a certain value of hydrogen bonds to the total amount. The measurement of (-E) is in the range of 0.08 to 0.14 eV. Keywords: anolyte, cell culture, CSF virus, disinfection, hydrogen bond, water, structure, clusters

On the Mechanism of Water Electrolysis

A two stage model of the physicochemical processes at the electrolysis of pure water is proposed. The presence of nascent hydrogen in the catholyte and nascent oxygen in the anolyte during the first stage explains the antioxidant properties of the catholyte and the strong biocidal action of the anolyte. In the second stage the nascent hydrogen and oxygen are combined into hydrogen and oxygen molecules, respectively. The comparison between their average energies with the average energy of the control sample of water shows an increase in the average energy of the catholyte and decrease in the average energy of the anolyte. This indicates that some changes in the structure of the activated water have occurred. Keywords: Electrochemically activated water (ECAW), catholyte, anolyte, nascent hydrogen, nascent oxygen, energetic spectrum, energy of hydrogen bonds

Preparation of Electrochemically Activated Water Solutions (Catholyte/Anolyte) and Studying Their Physical-Chemical Properties

The electrochemical treatment of water by the electric current is a promising modern approach in the water disinfection technique, resulting in obtaining the electrochemically activated water solutions (catholyte/anolyte) carrying new physical-chemical properties stipulated by changing of the electrochemical characteristics of water as ORP, Eh, pH. The electrochemically activated water solutions – the catholyte and anolyte can be used in medicine for treatment of various bacterial and viral diseases and in disinfection of water. The process of electrochemical water treatment includes several electrochemical processes associated with the transfer in a constant electric field the electrons, ions and other charged particles (electrolysis, electrophoresis, electroflotation, electrocoagulation), the main of which is the electrolysis of water. This article deals with the review of basic physical-chemical processes underlying the electrolysis of water and preparation of electrochemically activated water solutions (catholyte/anolyte) and studying their physical-chemical properties. The virucidal action of the anolyte and catolyte was studied on cell culture and suspensions of classical swine fever (CSF) virus. Key words: electrochemical treatment of water, anolyte, catholyte, electrolysis, classical swine fever (CSF) virus

Biocidal Effects of the Electrochemically Activated Water

This article outlines the results on the antimicrobial action of electrochemically activated water solutions (anolyte/catholyte), produced in the anode and cathode chamber of the electrolitic cell. Under laboratory conditions the cell culture and suspensions of classical swine fever (CSF) virus were treated with the anolyte. After inoculating them with cell cultures, the viral presence (the presence of viral antigen) was measured using the immunoperoxidase technique. It was found that anolyte did not affect the growth of the cell culture PK-15; viral growth during the infection of a cell monolayer with a cell culture virus was affected in the greatest degree by the anolyte in 1:1 dilution and less in other dilutions; whereas the viral growth at the infection of a cell suspension with cell culture virus was affected by the anolyte in dilution 1:1 in the greatest degree, and less by other dilutions; viral growth at the infection with a virus in suspension of the cell monolayer was affected by the anolyte in all dilutions. Unexpectedly, the stronger biocidal effect of the catholyte was observed when a strain of E. coli DH5 was treated by the anolyte and catholyte, respectively. In order to provide additional data about the antiviral activity of the electrochemically activated water and the distribution of H2O molecules according to the energies of hydrogen bonds, the non-equilibrium energy spectrum (NES) and differential non-equilibrium energy spectrum (DNES) of the anolyte and catholyte were measured.   Keywords: anolyte, catholyte, E. coli DH5, CSF virus, NES, DNE

Studying the Virucidal and Biocidal Effects of Electrochemically Activited Anolyte and Catholyte Types of Water on Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSF) and Bactrerium E. coli DH5

This article outlines the results on the antimicrobial action of electrochemically activated water solutions (anolyte/catholyte). The two types of water solutions are produced in the anode and cathode chamber of the electrolitic cell, respectively. Under laboratory conditions a strain of E. coli DH5, as well as the cell culture and organ suspensions of сlassical swine fever virus (CSF) were treated with the anolyte and the catholyte. By inoculating them with cell cultures the viral presence (the presence of viral antigen) was measured using the immunoperoxidase technique. It was found that anolyte did not affect the growth of the cell culture PK-15; the viral growth in the infection of a cell monolayer with a cell culture CSF virus was affected in the greatest degree by the anolyte in 1:1 dilution and less by other dilutions; whereas the viral growth at the infection of a cell suspension with the cell culture of the CSF virus was affected by the anolyte in dilution 1:1 in the greatest degree, and less by other dilutions; whereas the viral growth at the infection with the CSF in suspension of the cell monolayer was affected by the anolyte in all applied dilutions. Unexpectedly, the stronger biocidal effect of the catholyte was observed when a strain of E. coli DH5 was treated by anolyte and catholyte, respectively. In order to provide additional data about the antiviral activity of the catholyte and the anolyte, and the distribution of H2O molecules according to the energies of hydrogen bonds, the non-equilibrium energy spectrum (NES) and diferential non-equilibrium energy spectrum (DNES) of anolyte and catholyte were measured. Keywords: anolyte, catholyte, cell culture, CSF virus, disinfection, NES, DNES

Preparation of Electrochemically Activated Water Solutions (Catholyte/Anolyte) and Studying Their Physical-Chemical Properties

The electrochemical treatment of water by the electric current is a promising modern approach in the water disinfection technique, resulting in obtaining the electrochemically activated water solutions (catholyte/anolyte) carrying new physical-chemical properties stipulated by changing of the electrochemical characteristics of water as ORP, Eh, pH. The electrochemically activated water solutions – the catholyte and anolyte can be used in medicine for treatment of various bacterial and viral diseases and in disinfection of water. The process of electrochemical water treatment includes several electrochemical processes associated with the transfer in a constant electric field the electrons, ions and other charged particles (electrolysis, electrophoresis, electroflotation, electrocoagulation), the main of which is the electrolysis of water. This article deals with the review of basic physical-chemical processes underlying the electrolysis of water and preparation of electrochemically activated water solutions (catholyte/anolyte) and studying their physical-chemical properties. The virucidal action of the anolyte and catolyte was studied on cell culture and suspensions of classical swine fever (CSF) virus. Key words: electrochemical treatment of water, anolyte, catholyte, electrolysis, classical swine fever (CSF) virus

Preparation of Electrochemically Activated Water Solutions (Catholyte/Anolyte) and Studying Their Physical-Chemical Properties

The electrochemical treatment of water by the electric current is a promising modern approach in the water disinfection technique, resulting in obtaining the electrochemically activated water solutions (catholyte/anolyte) carrying new physical-chemical properties stipulated by changing of the electrochemical characteristics of water as ORP, Eh, pH. The electrochemically activated water solutions – the catholyte and anolyte can be used in medicine for treatment of various bacterial and viral diseases and in disinfection of water. The process of electrochemical water treatment includes several electrochemical processes associated with the transfer in a constant electric field the electrons, ions and other charged particles (electrolysis, electrophoresis, electroflotation, electrocoagulation), the main of which is the electrolysis of water. This article deals with the review of basic physical-chemical processes underlying the electrolysis of water and preparation of electrochemically activated water solutions (catholyte/anolyte) and studying their physical-chemical properties. The virucidal action of the anolyte and catolyte was studied on cell culture and suspensions of classical swine fever (CSF) virus. Keywords: electrochemical treatment of water, anolyte, catholyte, electrolysis, classical swine fever (CSF) virus

Electrochemically Activited Water. Biophysical and Biological Effects of Anolyte and Catholyte as Types of Water

Results of antimicrobial action of electrochemically activated water (anolyte/catholyte) are provided. The two types of water are produced in the anode and cathode chamber of an electrolitic cell, respectively. Under laboratory conditions cell culture and organ suspensions of Classical swine fever virus were treated with anolyte. By inoculating them with cell cultures quality viral presence (presence of viral antigen) was reported using the immunoperoxidase technique. It was found that: anolyte did not affect the growth of the cell culture PK-15; viral growth in the infection of a cell monolayer with a cell culture virus was affected in the greatest degree by anolyte in 1:1 dilution and less by the other dilutions; viral growth in the infection of a cell suspension with cell culture virus was affected by anolyte in dilution 1:1 in the greatest degree, and less by the other dilutions; viral growth in the infection with a virus in organ suspension of a cell monolayer was affected by the anolyte in all dilutions applied. Unexpectedly, stronger biocidal effect of the catholyte was obsrved when E. coli DH5a strain was treated by anolyte and catholyte, respectively. In order to provide additional information about the antiviral activity of the electrochemically activated water, and about the distribution of water molecules according to the energies of the hydrogen bonds, the non-equilibrium energy spectrum (NES) and diferential non-equilibrium energy spectrum (DNES) of anolyte and catholyte is evaluated.   Keywords: anolyte, cell culture, CSF virus, disinfection, hydrogen bond, water, structure, clusters, NES, DNE