Combining Ability Estimates and Heterosis for Yield and Fiber Quality of Cotton in Line x Tester Design

The objective of this study was to facilitate the selection in cotton breeding program and estimate the general combining ability (GCA) of the parents and specific combining ability (SCA) of hybrids considered for the development of high yielding and better fiber quality in early generations. The study was carried out at the Southeastern Anatolia Agricultural Research Institute during 2006 and 2007 cotton growing season. Seven cotton lines (which are known as high quality) and three testers (which are known as well adapted and high yielding) were crossed in a line x tester mating design in 2006. Ten genotypes and 21 F1 hybrids were planted in the randomized complete block design with three replications at the same experimental area in 2007. The variance due to GCA and SCA were highly significant for all the traits studied. This indicated that both additive and non-additive gene effects were responsible for the investigated characters. From the trial it was found that in the population, fiber length, fiber fineness and fiber elongation were influenced by additive gene effects while seed cotton yield, fiber yield, ginning percentage, fiber strength and fiber uniformity were influenced by non-additive gene effects. Among the parents FiberMax 832, Teks, Stoneville 453 and MaraÅŸ 92 for seed cotton yield and fiber yield; AÅŸkabat 71 and Giza 45 for fiber length and fiber strength; AÅŸkabat 71 for fiber fineness and fiber uniformity were detected with higher general combining ability. Most of the parents except AÅŸkabat 71, Giza 45 and MaraÅŸ 92 exhibited GCA for ginning percentage. SCA was significant for FiberMax 832 x Stoneville 453, Tam 94 L 25 x MaraÅŸ 92 and Teks x Stoneville 453 hybrid combinations for yield with acceptable fiber quality

Effect of different boron application on cotton yield components and fiber quality properties

This study was carried out to determine the effect of different boron application methods on cotton yield, plant growth and fiber technological properties. The study was conducted at Siirt University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Field Crops experimental area as randomized complete block design with four replications in 2018. Stoneville 468 cotton variety and boron liquid foliar fertilizer were used as material. Seven different boron applications were performed as (Control, 1000 cc ha-1 at pre-flowering stage, 2000 cc ha-1 at preflowering stage, 1000 cc ha-1 at flowering stage, 2000 cc ha-1 at flowering stage and 1000 cc ha-1 at boll formation stage, 2000 cc ha-1 at boll formation stage). The results of statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences between applications methods in terms of plant height and number of monopodial branches. But there were non-significant differences in terms of number of sympodial branches, number of first node of sympodial branch, number of nodes, height/node ratio, number of bolls, boll weight, seed cotton weight of per boll, number of seeds per boll, first picking percentage, 100 seeds weight, ginning percentage, seed cotton yield and fiber technological characteristics. In conclusion different application methods of boron increased plant height and number of monopodial branches of cotton when applied as 1000 and 2000 cc ha-1 at preflowering stages

DETERMINATION THE EFFECT OF DEFOLIATION TIMING ON COTTON YIELD AND QUALITY

This study was carried out for determining the effect of different application times at 40, 50, 60 and 70 % boll opening and untreated plot of the defoliant on cotton yield, earliness and technological properties in Southeast Anatolia Region conditions in Turkey. Maras 92 cotton variety was used as plant material in the experiment field of the Southeast Anatolia Agricultural Research Institute during 2000-2001. Defoliant was including thidiazuron + diuron chemical substance. The result of this study showed that ginning percentage, 100 seed weight, seed germination percentage, fiber fineness, fiber length, fiber strength, reflectance, elongation and seed cotton yield were not affected by the treatment; plant height and first picking percentage in 2001, fiber uniformity in 2000 were 5 % significantly affected. This study showed that application of defoliant didn’t affect significantly yield and technological properties of cotton and after 40 % boll opening the defoliant can be used

EVALUATION OF QUALITY PARAMETERS IN COTTON PRODUCTION (Gossypium hirsutum L.) UNDER WATER STRESS CONDITIONS

Decreasing water availability for cotton production has compelled researchers to engage in studies about rising water use efficiency by improving water management. The impacts of different irrigation levels on the fibre qualities of drip-irrigated cotton were evaluated in Diyarbakır, Southeast Anatolia Region of Turkiye. Three cotton varieties, ‘Stoneville 468’ (ST 468), ‘FiberMax 832’ (FM 832), and ‘Kartanesi’, and three levels of irrigation were tested in 2017 and 2018. Treatments were I 50 (50% water stress), I 75 (25% water stress), and the fully irrigated treatment I 100, which was obtained from Class-A pan evaporation. According to the two-year results of the study, water stress caused a decline in fineness, length, strength, elongation, uniformity ratio, and spinning consistency index (SCI) values of fibre, while fibre yellowness and short fibre ratio values increased. Fibre brightness was not affected by water stress. There were significant differences among varieties concerning quality parameters. FM 832 has come to the fore with regard to fibre fineness, length, strength, uniformity, yellowness, reflectance, and spinning consistency index

MANAGEMENT OF NITROGEN STRESS IN COTTON (Gossypium hirsutum L.) USING GREENSEEKER TECHNOLOGY

This study was performed with GreenSeeker technology in order to determine the possibility of nitrogen stress management in cotton and to determine the differences between the normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) and nitrogen doses determined with GreenSeeker, to determine the nitrogen deficiency and stress conditions by making use of the value of the NDVI in cotton production and to intervene when necessary and direct the producers in this regard. In the study six nitrogen doses (Control, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 kg ha-1) were used. The results showed significant differences between N applications for leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD), NDVI-2 (in the boll formation period), number of bolls (NB), seed cotton (SCY) and fiber yield (FY). On the other hand, there were non-significant differences in terms of (LA) area, NDVI-1 (in the beginning of the flowering), plant height (PH), node number of first fruiting branches (NNFFB), number of monopodial branches (NMB) and number of sympodial branches (NSB), number of nodes (NN), height to node ratio (HNR), seed cotton boll weight (SCBW) and ginning percentage (GP). The highest SCY and FY obtained were from doses of 180 and 120 kg ha-1 N, the highest leaf chlorophyll content and number of bolls obtained were from doses of 120 kg ha-1 N. The highest values of NDVI-2 obtained were from doses of 120, 240 and 300 kg ha-1 N, respectively. There were non-significant differences between N doses for values of the NDVI-1 of flowering, but significant differences observed for values of NDVI-2 of boll formation periods. The findings obtained from this research indicated that leaf chlorophyll and NDVI of the boll formation period can be used for determining differences due to varying N doses in cotton production

Evaluation of quality parameters in cotton production (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under water stress conditions

Decreasing water availability for cotton production has compelled researchers to engage in studies about rising water use efficiency by improving water management. The impacts of different irrigation levels on the fibre qualities of drip-irrigated cotton were evaluated in Diyarbakır, Southeast Anatolia Region of Turkiye. Three cotton varieties, ‘Stoneville 468’ (ST 468), ‘FiberMax 832’ (FM 832), and ‘Kartanesi’, and three levels of irrigation were tested in 2017 and 2018. Treatments were I 50 (50% water stress), I 75 (25% water stress), and the fully irrigated treatment I 100, which was obtained from Class-A pan evaporation. According to the two-year results of the study, water stress caused a decline in fineness, length, strength, elongation, uniformity ratio, and spinning consistency index (SCI) values of fibre, while fibre yellowness and short fibre ratio values increased. Fibre brightness was not affected by water stress. There were significant differences among varieties concerning quality parameters. FM 832 has come to the fore with regard to fibre fineness, length, strength, uniformity, yellowness, reflectance, and spinning consistency index

Elevated CO₂ Concentration Improves Heat-Tolerant Ability in Crops

The rising concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (aCO2) and increasing temperature are the main reasons for climate change, which are significantly affecting crop production systems in this world. However, the elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration can improve the growth and development of crop plants by increasing photosynthetic rate (higher availability of photoassimilates). The combined effects of elevated CO2 (eCO2) and temperature on crop growth and carbon metabolism are not adequately recognized, while both eCO2 and temperature triggered noteworthy changes in crop production. Therefore, to increase crop yields, it is important to identify the physiological mechanisms and genetic traits of crop plants which play a vital role in stress tolerance under the prevailing conditions. The eCO2 and temperature stress effects on physiological aspects as well as biochemical profile to characterize genotypes that differ in their response to stress conditions. The aim of this review is directed the open-top cavities to regulate the properties like physiological, biochemical, and yield of crops under increasing aCO2, and temperature. Overall, the extent of the effect of eCO2 and temperature response to biochemical components and antioxidants remains unclear, and therefore further studies are required to promote an unperturbed production system

Potential Role of Plant Growth Regulators in Administering Crucial Processes Against Abiotic Stresses

Plant growth regulators are naturally biosynthesized chemicals in plants that influence physiological processes. Their synthetic analogous trigger numerous biochemical and physiological processes involved in the growth and development of plants. Nowadays, due to changing climatic scenario, numerous biotic and abiotic stresses hamper seed germination, seedling growth, and plant development leading to a decline in biological and economic yields. However, plant growth regulators (PGRs) can potentially play a fundamental role in regulating plant responses to various abiotic stresses and hence, contribute to plant adaptation under adverse environments. The major effects of abiotic stresses are growth and yield disturbance, and both these effects are directly overseen by the PGRs. Different types of PGRs such as abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ET), and jasmonates (JAs) are connected to boosting the response of plants to multiple stresses. In contrast, PGRs including cytokinins (CKs), gibberellins (GAs), auxin, and relatively novel PGRs such as strigolactones (SLs), and brassinosteroids (BRs) are involved in plant growth and development under normal and stressful environmental conditions. Besides, polyamines and nitric oxide (NO), although not considered as phytohormones, have been included in the current review due to their involvement in the regulation of several plant processes and stress responses. These PGRs are crucial for regulating stress adaptation through the modulates physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes and activation of the defense system, upregulating of transcript levels, transcription factors, metabolism genes, and stress proteins at cellular levels. The current review presents an acumen of the recent progress made on different PGRs to improve plant tolerance to abiotic stress such as heat, drought, salinity, and flood. Moreover, it highlights the research gaps on underlying mechanisms of PGRs biosynthesis under stressed conditions and their potential roles in imparting tolerance against adverse effects of suboptimal growth conditions.Fil: Sabagh, Ayman EL. Kafrelsheikh University; EgiptoFil: Mbarki, Sonia. National Institute Of Research In Rural Engineering; TúnezFil: Hossain, Akbar. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute; BangladeshFil: Iqbal, Muhammad Aamir. University Of Poonch Rawalakot; PakistánFil: Islam, Mohammad Sohidul. Hajee Mohammad Danesh And Technology University; BangladeshFil: Raza, Ali. Fujian Agriculture And Forestry University; ChinaFil: Llanes, Analia Susana. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas.; ArgentinaFil: Reginato, Mariana Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas.; ArgentinaFil: Rahman, Md Atikur. Grassland And Forage Division National Institute; Corea del SurFil: Mahboob, Wajid. Nuclear Institute Of Agriculture,; PakistánFil: Singhal, Rajesh Kumar. Indian Council Of Agricultural Research; IndiaFil: Kumari, Arpna. Guru Nanak Dev University; IndiaFil: Rajendran, Arvind. Vellore Institute Of Technology; IndiaFil: Wasaya, Allah. Bahauddin Zakariya University; PakistánFil: Javed, Talha. Fujian Agriculture And Forestry University; JapónFil: Shabbir, Rubab. University Of Poonch Rawalakot; PakistánFil: Rahim, Junaid. University Of Çukurova; PakistánFil: Barutçular, Celaleddin. Institute Of Crop Science And Resource Conservation; AlemaniaFil: Habib Ur Rahman, Muhammad. Sichuan Agricultural University; ChinaFil: Raza, Muhammad Ali. Sichuan Agricultural University; ChinaFil: Ratnasekera, Disna. University Of Ruhuna; Sri LankaFil: Konuskan l, Ömer. Mustafa Kemal University; TurquíaFil: Hossain, Mohammad Anwar. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute; BangladeshFil: Meena, Vijay Singh. Indian Council Of Agricultural Research; IndiaFil: Ahmed, Sharif. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute; BangladeshFil: Ahmad, Zahoor. Bangladesh Wheat And Maize Research Institute; BangladeshFil: Mubeen, Muhammad. Sichuan Agricultural University; ChinaFil: Singh, Kulvir. Punjab Agricultural University; IndiaFil: Skalicky, Milan. Czech University Of Life Sciences Prague; República ChecaFil: Brestic, Marian. Slovak University Of Agriculture; EslovaquiaFil: Sytar, Oksana. Slovak University Of Agriculture; EsloveniaFil: Karademir, Emine. Siirt University; TurquíaFil: Karademir, Cetin. Siirt University; TurquíaFil: Erman, Murat. Siirt University; TurquíaFil: Farooq, Muhammad. College Of Agricultural And Marine Sciences Sultan; Omá

Assessment of yield, earliness and fiber quality properties in the F1 generations obtained crosses of multi adversity resistance (MAR) cotton varieties and regional varieties.

TEZ5565Tez (Doktora) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2005.Kaynakça (s. 115-124) var.xiii, 125 s. ; 29 cm.This study was carried out to investigate the genetical behavior, evaluate F1 hybrid vigor and determine the suitable parents and their hybrid combinations for studied characteristics in the population obtained by 7x7 half diallel quantitative analysis method involving 4 MAR (Multi Adversity Resistance) and 3 regional cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties in the Southeast Anatolia Agricultural Research Institute experimental area, in the years of 2003-2004. In the populations; plant height, first flowering time, first boll opening time, number of monopodial branches, number of sympodial branches, number of boll, boll weight, seed cotton weight per boll, leaf area, first picking percentage, ginning percentage, 100 seed weight, fiber length, fiber fineness and fiber elongation properties were influenced by additive; seed cotton yield, fiber strength, fiber uniformity ratio and short fiber index were influenced by non-additive gene effects. Values of heterosis for first boll opening time, ginning percentage, 100 seed weight, fiber elongation and fiber uniformity ratio were negative, while the other characters were positive....Bu çalışma, çok yönlü dayanıklılık ıslahı (MAR= Multi Adversity Resistance) ile geliştirilen 4 pamuk çeşidi ve bölgede en çok ekimi yapılan 3 pamuk çeşidinin melezlenmesi ile 7x7 yarım diallel analiz yöntemine göre oluşturulan populasyonda, incelenen özellikler yönünden genetik yapıyı irdelemek; F1 melez gücünü saptamak; uygun anaç ve melez kombinasyonları belirlemek amacı ile 2003 ve 2004 yıllarında, Güneydoğu Anadolu Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü deneme alanında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmadan, oluşturulan populasyonda incelenen bitki boyu, ilk çiçek açma süresi, ilk koza açma süresi, odun dalı, meyve dalı ve koza sayısı, koza ağırlığı, koza kütlü pamuk ağırlığı, yaprak alanı, ilk el kütlü oranı, çırçır randımanı, 100 tohum ağırlığı, lif uzunluğu, lif inceliği, lif kopma uzaması özelliklerinin yönetiminde eklemeli; kütlü pamuk verimi, lif kopma dayanıklılığı, lif üniformite oranı ve kısa lif oranı özelliklerinin yönetiminde eklemeli olmayan gen etkilerinin önemli olduğu; ilk koza açma süresi, çırçır randımanı, 100 tohum ağırlığı, lif kopma uzaması ve lif üniformite oranı özelliklerinde olumsuz, diğer özelliklerin tümünde olumlu yönde heterosis oluştuğu saptanmıştır. Bitki boyu, meyve dalı sayısı, kütlü pamuk verimi ve lif uzunluğu için Sayar 314, ilk çiçek açma süresi, ilk meyve dalı boğum sayısı, odun dalı sayısı, lif üniformite oranı ve kısa lif oranı için Tamcot CD3H, ilk koza açma süresi ve lif kopma dayanıklılığı için Tamcot Sphinx, koza sayısı ve 100 tohum ağırlığı için Stoneville 453, koza ağırlığı, ilk el kütlü oranı, çırçır randımanı ve lif kopma uzaması için Tamcot Luxor, koza kütlü pamuk ağırlığı ve yaprak alanı için Maraş 92, lif inceliği için Tamcot HQ 95 pamuk çeşitlerinin en iyi genel uyuşma yeteneği gösteren anaçlar olduğu; bitki boyu, ilk çiçek açma süresi, ilk el kütlü oranı ve odun dalı sayısı için Tamcot CD 3H x Tamcot Sphinx, ilk koza açma süresi, koza ağırlığı ve koza kütlü pamuk ağırlığı için Maraş 92 x Tamcot Luxor, ilk meyve dalı boğum sayısı ve lif inceliği için Maraş 92 x Tamcot HQ 95, meyve dalı sayısı için Sayar 314 x Tamcot Luxor, koza sayısı ve kütlü pamuk verimi için Stoneville 453 x Tamcot Sphinx, yaprak alanı için Stoneville 453 x Tamcot HQ 95, çırçır randımanı ve lif kopma uzaması için Tamcot HQ 95 x Tamcot Sphinx, 100 tohum ağırlığı için Sayar 314 x Tamcot CD 3H, lif uzunluğu için Maraş 92 x Sayar 314, lif kopma dayanıklılığı için Maraş 92 x Tamcot HQ 95 ve Tamcot CD 3H x Tamcot Sphinx, lif üniformite oranı ve kısa lif oranı için Sayar 314 x Stoneville 453 melez kombinasyonlarının en iyi özel uyuşma yeteneği gösteren ümitvar melezler olduğu saptanmıştır.Bu çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından desteklenmiştir. Proje No: FBE2004D

Bazı Pamuk (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Genotiplerinin Verim ve Lif Teknolojik Özellikler Bakımından Değerlendirilmesi

Bu çalışma GAP Uluslararası Tarımsal Araştırma ve Eğitim Merkezi (GAPUTAEM) pamuk ıslah programı ile geliştirilen yeni pamuk hatlarının kontrol çeşitlerle kıyaslanması, verim ve lif teknolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve öne çıkan genotiplerin tespit edilmesi amacıyla Diyarbakır’da 2012- 2014 yılları arasında yürütülmüştür. Çalışma 20 adet hat/çeşit ile tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 4 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüş, denemede 17 adet yeni genotip ile 3 adet kontrol çeşit (Stoneville 468, ADN P 01 ve GW-Teks) materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. İncelenen tüm özellikler bakımından genotipler arasında önemli farklılıkların bulunduğu, kütlü pamuk verimi, lif kopma dayanıklılığı ve ilk el kütlü oranı hariç tüm özelliklerde yıllar arasındaki farklılığın önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yıl x çeşit interaksiyonu ise kütlü pamuk verimi, lif verimi ve ilk el kütlü oranı özelliklerinde önemli bulunmuştur. Üç yıllık veriler incelendiğinde denemede yer alan genotiplerin kütlü pamuk veriminin 318.15 kg da-1 ile 385.09 kg da-1 arasında değiştiği, en yüksek verimin sırasıyla MSR06-2-1, TSPXTLX06-1-75 ve SC-9-2 genotiplerinden elde edildiği, lif verimi bakımından ADN P 01 kontrol çeşidinin 156.40 kg da-1 ile en yüksek değeri gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Yeni geliştirilen hatların ilk el kütlü oranı yönü ile kontrol çeşitlerden daha yüksek değerler gösterdiği saptanırken, çırçır randımanında Stoneville 468 çeşidi en yüksek değeri göstermiştir. Lif inceliği yönünden tüm genotipler ideal incelik değerinde yer alırken, lif uzunluğu ve lif kopma dayanıklılığı bakımından GW Teks, ÇG 9 ve SET 34 genotiplerinin üstün değerler gösterdikleri belirlenmiştir