The Relationship Between Financial Development and Economic Growth: Evidence From Brics Countries and Turkey

DergiPark: 829906trakyaiibfThe aim of this paper is to analyze the link and the direction of the relationship between financial development and economic growth in Turkey and BRICS countries for the period of 1994-2011. Moreover, the paper di- vides the financial market into two sub-markets as banking sector and stock market to examine their individual impact on economic growth. Fixed effect panel regression method and a relatively new panel causality technique, namely Dimutrescu-Hurlin test is applied to estimate the existence of the causal link between financial development and economic growth. The results of the analysis show that there is neither linear nor causal link for stock mar- ket development and economic growth, while statistically significant relationship exists between banking sector development and economic growth in the direction of economic growth to banking sector. In a nutshell, the results suggest an evidence for demand-following pattern in Turkey and BRICS Countries

TÜRKİYE İŞGÜCÜ PİYASASINDA MESLEKİ CİNSİYET AYRIMCILIĞININ GELİR EŞİTSİZLİĞİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ

DergiPark: 829902trakyaiibfİşgücü piyasasındaki cinsiyet ayrımcılığı benzer yeteneklere, eğitime ve tecrübeye sahip olan işçi gruplarının diğer cinsiyetle karşılaştırıldığında üretkenliklerine bakılmaksızın istihdamda, işe erişimde, terfide veya ücretlerinde ikinci sınıf muamele görmeleri olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu makale mesleki cinsiyet ayrımcılığının altında yatan beşeri sermaye donatısı, endüstriyel ve mesleki ayrımcılık gibi nedenleri saptamayı amaçladığı gibi özel sektör-kamu sektörü ayrımı firma boyutu ve sosyal güvenlik gibi kurumsal faktörleri de göz önünde bulundurmaktadır. Çalışmada teorik ve ampirik cinsiyet ayrımcılığı literatürü de incelenmiştir ve Türkiye gibi geleneksel, kültürel inançların ve normların hala dominant olduğu gelişmekte olan ülkelerde cinsiyet ayrımcılığının önemi değerlendirilmiştir. Bu makale kapsamında ayrımcılık endeksi hesaplanmıştır ayrıca cinsiyet tabanlı endüstriyel ve mesleki ayrımcılığın düzeyi elde edilen veri seti çerçevesinde araştırılmıştır. Yapılan araştırma bulgularına göre cinsiyetler arasındaki ücret farklılıkları büyük oranda cinsiyet bazlı mesleki ve endüstriyel ayrımcılıktan ayrıca özel sektör-kamu sektörü ayrımı gibi kurumsal farklılıklardan kaynaklanmaktadır. Bunun yanında bu çalışma ile tanımlanmamış cinsiyet ayrımcılığının üstesinden gelebilmek için emek piyasasındaki ayrımcı çalışma şartlarının da ortadan kalkması gerektiği anlaşılmaktadır

Factors associated with mathematics attainment and educational aspirations: A comparative psychometric study of Japan, Türkiye, and England

It is widely recognized that mathematics plays a fundamental role in the advancement of science and technology. There is, therefore, considerable interest in research on factors that affect mathematics achievement. The motivation of students is considered one of the most influential factors in their performance in mathematics. The expectancy-value theory (EVT) is one of the dominant theories of motivation. This study uses Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2019 data for 8th-grade students in Japan, Türkiye, and England. This study aims to contribute to the field in terms of methodological and substantive aspects. Methodologically, it examines the psychometric properties (factor structure, method effects of negative coded items, reliability) of TIMSS 2019 motivation measures of Japan, Türkiye, and England. It also compares confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM) measurement models in terms of model fit. Substantively, it investigates the relationship between students' motivation towards mathematics (mathematics self-concept (MSC), mathematics intrinsic value (MIV) and mathematics utility value (MUV)) and student background factors (gender and home educational resources) in predicting mathematics achievement and educational aspiration. It also examines the interaction between MSC and task value (MIV and MUV). A variety of advanced quantitative methods are used to analyse data, including factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM), and mediation analysis under structural equation modelling (SEM). Methodologically, the results of the study show that the TIMSS 2019 motivation measures provide valid and reliable constructs for Japan, Türkiye, and England. v TIMSS 2019 motivation constructs support the a priori factor structure that they are designed to measure. However, negatively coded items negatively affect model fit. Furthermore, the results of this study found a high correlation between mathematics intrinsic value and mathematics self-concept. The ESEM measurement model provides a better model fit in comparison to the CFA measurement model. Substantive results show that mathematical self-concept is the variable with the strongest effect on mathematics achievement among motivational constructs. The interaction of MSC and task value also has a significant effect in predicting mathematics achievement and educational aspiration. Gender has little effect on mathematics achievement, but male students have higher MSC values than female students. Female students have higher educational aspirations than male students. Furthermore, the mediation model provides evidence that motivation constructs, particularly MSC, play a significant mediating role in the relationship between gender and HER and mathematics achievement. Overall, this study makes a key contribution to analysing the psychometric properties of TIMSS 2019 motivation data and understanding its relationship with mathematics achievement and educational aspirations. These findings should be used to inform the development of TIMSS motivation measures and the future development of educational practitioners' understanding of the relationship between student motivation and mathematics achievement

(Exploring) the Impact of Turkey's Embassies on Trade with sub-Saharan Africa

This paper empirically investigates the impact of Turkey's embassies on trade with sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It uses a panel data set that covers 28 African countries for the period of 2002 to 2020 in order to measure if the opening of an embassy increases Turkey's exports to relevant countries. The study found a positive relationship between exports and diplomatic representation via embassies. More precisely, the empirical results indicate that the presence of an embassy in an African country increases Turkey's exports to this country by 108%. The study also found that the presence of business councils has the same positive effect on Turkey's export performance albeit at a moderate level