Realtıme Facıal Expressıon And Emotıon Recognıtıon

Bu tezde gerçek zamanlı uygulamalarda kullanılabilecek bir yüz ifadesi tanıma sistemi önerilmektedir. Yüz ifadesi tanıma sistemleri temelde 7 adet duyguyu tanıma üzerine kurulmaktadır. Bu yüz ifadelerinin yakalanıp karar mekanizmaları tarafından sınıflandIn this thesis, a facial expression recognition system that can be used in realtime applications is proposed. Facial expression recognition systems are supposed to recognize 7 distinct emotions. It is based on the classification of the facial expression

Realtıme Facıal Expressıon And Emotıon Recognıtıon

Bu tezde gerçek zamanlı uygulamalarda kullanılabilecek bir yüz ifadesi tanıma sistemi önerilmektedir. Yüz ifadesi tanıma sistemleri temelde 7 adet duyguyu tanıma üzerine kurulmaktadır. Bu yüz ifadelerinin yakalanıp karar mekanizmaları tarafından sınıflandırılmaları esasına dayanmaktadır. Yüz ifadelerinin sınıflandırılmaları için bir duyguyu ifade eden temel öznitelikler çıkarılmalıdır. Bu işlem HOG (Histograms of Oriented Gradients) isimli yöntemle gerçekleştirilmiştir. HOG ile çıkarılan öznitelik sayısı 128 x 128 boyutlarında bir resim için 34020 adet olmaktadır ve gerçek zamanlı olarak çalışmak için fazla işlem maliyeti gerektirmektedir. Önerilen yeni bir yöntemle yüz ifadesinin sadece ağız ve göz bölgelerinin bilgileri çıkarılmıştır ve öznitelik sayısı 4356 ya indirilmiştir. Bu yöntemin başarım oranı farklı veri tabanlarında ve farklı eğitim verisi miktarlarında değerlendirilmiş ve en fazla artış %4 ile JAFFE veri tabanında SVM sınıflandırıcısı ile yapılan sınıflandırma işleminde %90.91 den %95.10 a yükselme şeklinde olmuştur. Karar verme performansı 5 katına kadar hızlanırken en fazla düşüş ise %3 oranında CK+ veri tabanında KNN sınıflandırıcısı ve 123 adet eğitim verisi ile yapılan testte ortaya çıkmıştır.In this thesis, a facial expression recognition system that can be used in realtime applications is proposed. Facial expression recognition systems are supposed to recognize 7 distinct emotions. It is based on the classification of the facial expression by desicion mechanisms, after capturing the facial images. The basic features that define the facial expression must be derived in order to classify a facial expresion. This procedure is carried out by a method named HOG (Histograms of Oriented Gradients). For a 128 x 128 image, the number of features extracted by HOG is 34020 and it requires too much computatinal power to be implemented on a realtime system. With a newly proposed method which takes only the mouth and eyes areas into account, the features count is decreased to 4356. The method is tested on different databases and with different training data amounts. The success rate of the method is increased by %4, from %90.91 to %95.10 in JAFFE database. While the desicion process has become 5 times faster, the biggest drop of success rate is observed with %3 in CK+ database where 123 train data and KNN classification is used.NUL

Delivering growth factors through a polymeric scaffold to cell cultures containing both nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus

WOS: 000460303600005PubMed ID: 29694659AIM: To design a novel, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based polymeric scaffold that permits the controlled release of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) /bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 following intervertebral disc administration. MATERIAL and METHODS: The drug delivery system was composed of two different solutions that formed a scaffold within seconds of coming into contact with each other. Swelling, pH, and temperature tests and analysis of the controlled release of growth factors (GFs) from this system were performed. The release kinetics of the GFs were determined through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cell proliferation and viability were monitored with microscopy and analyzed using an MTT assay and acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) staining. Chondroadherin (CHAD), hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha), and collagen type II (COL2A1) gene expressions were determined with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis to show the effects of IGF-1/BMP-2 administration on annulus fibrosus cell (AFC)/nucleus pulposus cell (NPC) cultures. For the statistical evaluation of the obtained data, experimental groups were compared with a post hoc Tukey's test following an analysis of variance. RESULTS: The scaffold allowed for the controlled release of IGF-1 and BMP-2 in different time intervals. It was observed that as the application time increased, the number of cells and the degree of extracellular matrix development increased in AFC/NPC cultures. AO/PI staining and an MTT analysis showed that cells retained their specific morphology and continued to proliferate. It was observed that HIF-1 alpha and CHAD expression increased in a time-dependent manner, and no COL2A1 expression in the AFC/NPC cultures was observed. CONCLUSION: The designed scaffold may be used as an alternative method for intervertebral disc administration of GFs after further in vivo studies. Such prototype scaffolds may be an innovative technology in targeted drug therapies after reconstructive neurosurgical interventions

Evaluation of the effect of daptomycin, a glycopeptide agent, on intact intervertebral disc tissue

AIM: To evaluate the effects of pre- and intra-operatively administered daptomycin (DAP) on the intact human primary intervertebral disc tissue cells. MATERIAL and METHODS: Primary cell cultures were established using tissues obtained through decompressive laminectomy, traumatic intervertebral disc herniation excision, and posterior transpedicular stabilization. Non-drug-administered samples were used as a control group. The samples treated with DAP formed the study group. Molecular assays for proliferation and gene expression were performed. The obtained data were evaluated statistically, and results with a value of p<0.05 were accepted as significant. RESULTS: While no reduction was observed in the proliferation, the gene expression of intact intervertebral disc tissue cells was time-dependently decreased compared to the control group, and these results were reported to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION: This study observed the effect that a pharmaceutical preparation, which was used on intervertebral disc tissue before and after the operation, had on normal, healthy, and intact tissue. It concludes that alterations in the expression of genes involved in the anabolic and/or catabolic process, even in adjacent healthy tissue, may slow down the healing process of the damaged tissue or cause undesired cell differentiation

Is it possible to treat osteosarcoma using oligonucleotides confined into controlled release drug delivery systems?

WOS: 000407701900010PubMed ID: 28641566Purpose: The present study aimed to analyze the researches that are at the experimental phase concerning osteosarcoma treatment. The researches included drug delivery systems which allow controlled release and imbue small interfering-/micro-ribonucleic acid. Methods: Without any language preference, we searched US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, Embase, OVID, Cochrane Library database of clinical trials from 1843 to May 25, 2016 and traced all the references of incorporated documents. The data were evaluated using descriptive statistics and the results are shown as frequency (%). Results: We haven't encountered any drug delivery system in which Small interfering ribonucleic acid/ micro ribonucleic acid oligonucleotides were embedded successfully against osteosarcoma. There has been only one research in which hairpin-ribonucleic acid was embedded. Conclusion: It was considered that drug delivery system enabling controlled oligonucleotide release in the treatment period of osteosarcoma was not projected for the clinical use. However, it cannot be neglected that the mentioned experimental studies with regard to osteosarcoma treatment establish the basis of target therapies. The method in question looks promising regarding effective treatment of osteosarcoma in the future

Lumbar Spinal Angiolipoma with Expanding Left Neural Foramen Mimicking Lumbar Schwannoma; Case Report and Review of The Literature

Aim: To describe a patient with lumbar angiolipoma mimicking schwannoma in the posterolateral side of the spinal canal with expansion of the left lumbar foramen and to discuss the clinical, radiologic, and surgical features of these lesions with literature. Methods: Without language restriction in this paper, the electronic databases; The Cochrane Collaboration the Cochrane, The Cochrane Library (Issue 2 of 12, Feb. 2011), ProQuest, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health (NLM) and PubMed dating from 1966 September to January Week 2 2017, were searched for comparative experimental studies using the terms: “OR”, “AND”. On-line literature searches were conducted using the key words “lumbar angiolipoma”, “schwannoma “, “spinal angiolipoma”, “spinal cord”, and “spinal canal”. We compared this research with our patient. Results: Bilateral L2 total laminectomy, excision of the tumors and bilateral L2-L3 transpedicular stabilization were performed, and complaints improved prominently. Pathological examination was reported as angiolipoma. Conclusion: The research shows that a probable diagnosis in such tumor cases could be made by sufficient pre-op scanning before surgical operations and although angiolipoma has been rarely seen in lumbar posterolateral space, it can be seen in lumbar region and mimic schwannoma as producing symptoms and signs of spinal cord and nerve root compression. © 2017 Akyuva et al