Effects of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on the metabolic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients

ABSTRACT Objective: The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the control of diabetes mellitus in patients are largely unknown. In this study we aimed to analyze the impact of the pandemic and the ensuing lockdown on the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects and methods: A total of 7,321patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (4,501 from the pre-pandemic period, 2,820 from the post-pandemic period) were studied retrospectively. Results: The admission of patients with diabetes melitus (DM) decreased significantly during the pandemic (4,501 pre-pandemic vs. 2,820 post-pandemic; p < 0.001). The mean age of patients was statistically lower (51.5 ± 14.0 vs. 49.7 ± 14.5 years; p < 0.001), and the mean glycated hemoglobin (A1c) level was significantly higher (7.9% ± 2.4% vs. 7.3% ± 1.7%; p < 0.001) in the post-pandemic period than in the pre-pandemic. The female/male ratio was similar in both periods (59.9%/40.1% for pre-pandemic, 58.6%/41.4% for post-pandemic; p = 0.304). As calculated by month the pre-pandemic rate of women was higher only in January (53.1% vs. 60.6%, p = 0.02). Mean A1c levels were higher in the postpandemic period than in the same month of the previous year, excluding July and October (p = 0.001 for November, p < 0.001 for others). Postpandemic patients admitted to the outpatient clinic were significantly younger than prepandemic visits for July (p = 0.001), August (p < 0.001) and December (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The lockdown had detrimental effects on blood sugar management in patients with DM. Hence, diet and exercise programs should be adapted to home conditions, and social and psychological support should be provided to patients with DM

Investigation of the optic disc and retinal microvasculature by optical coherence tomography angiography in children with asthma

PURPOSE: To assess the optic disc and retinal microvasculature by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in asthmatic children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty asthmatic children (asthma group) and 30 control age- and sex-matched healthy controls (control group) were included in this cross-sectional study. The asthma group was then divided into two subgroups according to the presence of inhaled steroid use. Demographic findings were noted. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and vessel density in different sections of the retina and optic nerve head were analyzed by OCTA. RESULTS: RNFL thickness for temporal quadrants and flow area for outer retina levels were significantly lower in the asthma group than the control group (72.58 ± 10.99 μm vs 77.73 ± 9.73μm, P = 0.015, and 0.60 ± 0.31mm2 vs. 0.72 ± 0.31mm2, P = 0.047, respectively). However, inside disc vascular densities were significantly higher in the asthma group when compared to controls (55.16% ± 3.71% vs. 52.08% ± 3.79%, P < 0.001). Inside disc vascular densities were also significantly higher, and RNFL thickness for temporal quadrants was significantly lower in the asthmatic patients without steroid use subgroup when compared to others (P < 0.001, P = 0.012, respectively). CONCLUSION: Lower values of temporal quadrant RNFL, and flow area for outer retina, but higher levels of inside disc vascular density seem to be associated with asthmatic children. OCTA findings in asthmatic children appear to be regardless of inhaled steroid use

Progresif supranükleer palsili hastada meme cerrahisinde anestezi yönetimi

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is a rare adult-onset neurodegenerative disease presenting with parkinsonian disorders such as; ophtalmoplegia, pseudobulbar paralysis, bradykinesia, rigidity, and behavioral and cognitive findings. In this case report, a 61 years old female patient who has been followed up for PSP for 6 years and who had diffuse rhonchi and decrease in respiratory sounds in both lungs was presented. Chest x-ray revealed atelectasis in lower zones bilaterally. The patient was scheduled for lumpectomy due to breast cancer. By the combination of thoracic epidural anesthesia and pectoral nerves block 1 (PECS 1) sufficient perioperative anesthesia and postoperative analgesia and to prevent the risks of general anesthesia was aimed.Progresif Supranükleer Palsi (PSP) oftalmopleji, psödobulbar paralizi, bradikinezi, rijidite, davranışsal ve bilişsel bozukluklar gibi parkinsona benzer bulgularla kendini gösteren erişkin dönemi başlangıçlı nadir bir nörodejeneratif hastalıktır. Bizim olgumuzda PSP nedeniyle 6 yıldır takip edilen 61 yaşındaki kadın hastaya meme kanseri nedeniyle lumpektomi yapılmıştır. Hastamızın solunum sistem muayenesinde her iki akciğerinde yaygın ronkus sesleri saptandı ve solunum seslerinin bilateral azaldığı anlaşıldı. Alt zonlarda atelektazi akciğer grafisinde gözlenmekteydi. Olgumuzda ilaç doz ve çeşitliliğini azaltmak amacıyla genel anesteziden kaçınarak perioperatif anestezi ve postoperative analjezi amaçlı yaptığımız torasik epidural ve pektoral sinir bloğu (PECS 1) ile başarılı anestezimizi sunmayı amaçladık