Strategic Directions for Increasing the Share of Renewable Energy Sources in the Structure of Energy Consumption

In recent decades, the European energy sector is transforming due to the growing demand for electricity and increased requirements for ensuring the continuity of supply. In the European Union, almost 50% of energy consumption is provided through energy imports. One of the main conditions for the continuity of supply is the diversification of their sources, considered as an important prerequisite for energy security. The EU government has serious hopes for the development of alternative energy and believes that in the future "green" energy will play a significant role in the structure of energy consumption. The object of this study is renewable energy sources. The subject of the research is the problems of increasing the share of renewable energy sources in the structure of energy consumption. Keywords: electric power industry, alternative energy, the electricity consumers. JEL Classifications: K32, O13, P4

The Faraday effect and phase transition in the CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 halide perovskite single crystal

The spin degree of freedom of charge carriers in halide-perovskite semiconductors can be highly useful for information photonics applications. The Faraday effect is known to be the best indicator of paramagnetism of the material and of the spin-light interaction. In this work, the Faraday effect is demonstrated, for the first time, in a hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskite MAPbI3 (MA+=CH3NH+3). The Faraday rotation and birefringence were measured across the tetragonal-cubic phase transition at 327 K. The Faraday rotation is strongly suppressed below the phase transition temperature due to anisotropy (linear birefringence) of the tetragonal crystal phase. The situation changes drastically above the phase transition temperature, when the crystal becomes optically isotropic. The emerging Faraday rotation obeys the Curie law, demonstrating its population-related paramagnetic nature. This observation opens new prospects for application of these systems and for their investigations using methods of the polarization noise spectroscopy applicable to optically anisotropic materials.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure

Eastern Vector of Russian State Policy Development for Ensuring Energy Security

This article is dedicated to the current problem of forming the Eastern vector of oil and gas policy within new energy policy and modern circumstances. The main goal of the work is to study the energy relations between Russia and the countries of the Asia-Pacific region, namely China. Using the analysis method, authors have highlighted the threats and possibilities of the influence of the current situation in the fuel and energy complex on Russia's energy security. Analysis of the existing situation on the global energy market has revealed that deepening and expansion of partnerships in economic and energy sphere with China are of interest to Russia as a Eurasian state. The basis for a partnership is a cooperation, based on China's demand for natural resources, while Russia will benefit from using effective innovation models of modernisation. Keywords: Asia-Pacific Region, Energy Sphere, Oil and Gas Policy, Raw Material Resource Potential, Energy Security, Energy Dialogue. JEL Classifications: P48, Q40

Spin noise of a halide perovskite

We report on first observation of spin noise in a strongly birefringent semiconductor -- halide perovskite single crystal MAPbI$_3$. The observed spin noise resonance is ascribed to free holes with a record spin dephasing time of 4 ns. The spin dynamics is found to be affected by the residual light absorption of the crystal providing renormalization of the Larmor frequency. Extended spin noise spectroscopy with rotating magnetic field allowed us not only to evaluate the $g$-factor anisotropy, but also to distinguish two different spin subsystems tentatively associated to twinning of the crystal.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figure

A Microscopic Derivation of the SO(5)-Symmetric Landau-Ginzburg Potential

We construct a microscopic model of electron interactions which gives rise to both superconductivity and antiferromagnetism, and which admits an approximate SO(5) symmetry that relates these two phases. The symmetry can be exact, or it may exist only in the long-wavelength limit, depending on the detailed form of the interactions. We compute the macroscopic Landau-Ginzburg free energy for this model as a function of temperature and doping, by explicitly integrating out the fermions. We find that the resulting phase diagram can resemble that observed for the cuprates, with the antiferromagnetism realized as a spin density wave, whose wavelength might be incommensurate with the lattice spacing away from half filling.Comment: 29 pp., plain TeX, 7 figures, uses macros.tex (included) and epsf.tex; added subject clas

Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises as a Driver of Innovative Development of the Russian Fuel and Energy Complex

The urgency of the studied problem is caused by the fact that international sanctions led to a number of bans in the oil and gas industry, and there is the necessity to create the role of small and medium-sized innovative enterprises. In this regard, this article is aimed at identifying the positive and negative aspects of these enterprises, as well as their significance in the development of the oil and gas service segment. Keywords: fuel and energy complex, innovative enterprises, international sanctions, import substitution, territorial clusters JEL Classifications: O13, P18, M2

Photon echo transients from an inhomogeneous ensemble of semiconductor quantum dots

We acknowledge the financial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Project ICRC TRR 160 and the Russian Foundation of Basic Research (RFBR) in the frame of the Project No. 15-52-12016 NNIO_a. The project SPANGL4Q acknowledges financial support from the Future and Emerging Technologies (FET) programme within the Seventh Framework Programme for Research of the European Commission, under FET-Open Grant No. FP7-284743. S.V.P. thanks the RFBR for partial financial support (Project No. 14-02-31735 mol_a). S.V.P. and I.A.Yu. acknowledge partial financial support from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Grant No. 11.G34.31.0067) and St-Petersburg State University (SPbU) (Grant No. 11.38.213.2014). M.B. acknowledges support from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Grant No. 14.Z50.31.0021).An ensemble of quantum dot excitons may be used for coherent information manipulation. Due to the ensemble inhomogeneity any optical information retrieval occurs in form of a photon echo. We show that the inhomogeneity can lead to a significant deviation from the conventional echo timing sequence. Variation of the area of the initial rotation pulse, which generates excitons in a dot subensemble only, reveals this complex picture of photon echo formation. We observe a retarded echo for π/2 pulses, while for 3π/2 the echo is advanced in time as evidenced through monitoring the Rabi oscillations in the time-resolved photon echo amplitude from (In,Ga)As/GaAs self-assembled quantum dot structures and confirmed by detailed calculations.PostprintPeer reviewe