1,630 research outputs found
Integrative Use of Information Extraction, Semantic Matchmaking and Adaptive Coupling Techniques in Support of Distributed Information Processing and Decision-Making
In order to press maximal cognitive benefit from their social, technological and informational environments, military coalitions need to understand how best to exploit available information assets as well as how best to organize their socially-distributed information processing activities. The International Technology Alliance (ITA) program is beginning to address the challenges associated with enhanced cognition in military coalition environments by integrating a variety of research and development efforts. In particular, research in one component of the ITA ('Project 4: Shared Understanding and Information Exploitation') is seeking to develop capabilities that enable military coalitions to better exploit and distribute networked information assets in the service of collective cognitive outcomes (e.g. improved decision-making). In this paper, we provide an overview of the various research activities in Project 4. We also show how these research activities complement one another in terms of supporting coalition-based collective cognition
Observation Of Light Diffusion And Correlation Transport In Nematic Liquid Crystals
Light diffusion and temporal correlation transport are studied in an orientationally ordered multiply scattering medium. In particular, we experimentally demonstrate the anisotropic diffusion of light through a turbid nematic liquid crystal, and we measure the temporal correlations of these diffused speckle fields for the first time. The measurements are shown to provide useful information about this material, specifically the average rotational viscosity of the director. Computer simulations corroborate both the experimental observations and a more rigorous analytic theoretical formulation of this problem
A Pilot Study of the Association of Low Plasma Adiponectin and Barrett's Esophagus
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72851/1/j.1572-0241.2008.01823.x.pd
Trace metal fluxes to the ocean: The importance of highāstanding oceanic islands
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/94592/1/grl16149.pd
Multi-species temporal network of livestock movements for disease spread
Introduction:
The objective of this study is to show the importance of interspecies links and temporal network dynamics of a multi-species livestock movement network. Although both cattle and sheep networks have been previously studied, cattle-sheep multi-species networks have not generally been studied in-depth. The central question of this study is how the combination of cattle and sheep movements affects the potential for disease spread on the combined network.
Materials and methods:
Our analysis considers static and temporal representations of networks based on recorded animal movements. We computed network-based node importance measures of two single-species networks, and compared the top-ranked premises with the ones in the multi-species network. We propose the use of a measure based on contact chains calculated in a network weighted with transmission probabilities to assess the importance of premises in an outbreak. To ground our investigation in infectious disease epidemiology, we compared this suggested measure with the results of disease simulation models with asymmetric probabilities of transmission between species.
Results:
Our analysis of the temporal networks shows that the premises which are likely to drive the epidemic in this multi-species network differ from the ones in both the cattle and the sheep networks. Although sheep movements are highly seasonal, the estimated size of an epidemic is significantly larger in the multi-species network than in the cattle network, independently of the period of the year. Finally, we demonstrate that a measure based on contact chains allow us to identify around 30% of the key farms in a simulated epidemic, ignoring markets, whilst static network measures identify less than 10% of these farms.
Conclusion:
Our results ascertain the importance of combining species networks, as well as considering layers of temporal livestock movements in detail for the study of disease spread
Immune Monitoring of Trans-endothelial Transport by Kidney-Resident Macrophages
Small immune complexes cause type III hypersensitivity reactions that frequently result in tissue injury. The responsible mechanisms however remain unclear and differ depending on target organs. Here we identify a kidney-specific anatomical and functional unit, formed by resident macrophages and peritubular capillary endothelial cells, which monitors the transport of proteins and particles ranging from 20 to 700 kDa or 10 to 200 nm into the kidney interstitium. Kidney resident macrophages detect and scavenge circulating immune complexes āpumpedā into the interstitium via trans-endothelial transport, and trigger a FcĪ³RIV-dependent inflammatory response and the recruitment of monocytes and neutrophils. In addition, FcĪ³RIV and TLR pathways synergistically āsuper-activateā kidney macrophages when immune complexes contain a nucleic acid. These data identify a physiological function of tissue resident kidney macrophages and a basic mechanism by which they initiate the inflammatory response to small immune complexes in the kidney
Correction to: The Toxicology Investigators Consortium Case Registry-The 2017 Annual Report.
Please note the Collaborators for this article listed in the Acknowledgements
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