The relationships between sexual risk behaviors and general health risk behaviors among unmarried youth in Thailand

Objectives: The prevalence and correlates of sexual risk behaviors among unmarried youth in Thailand are poorly documented. The objectives of this study were to compare the differences in sexual behaviors across age groups and gender and to identify the relationships between sexual risk behaviors and general health risk behaviors among unmarried Thai youth. Methods: A population-based, nationally representative, cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and March 2013. The Thai version of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey questionnaire was used to collect data from 800 unmarried Thai youth. Results: Majority of the respondents (65.9%) had not engaged in any sexual risk behavior, 18.7% had engaged in 2–3 sexual risk behaviors, and only 5.5% had engaged in a single sexual risk behavior. Current sexually active youth had higher risk of participating in physical fights (odds ratio = 3.41, 95% confidence interval = 1.53–7.57), smoking cigarette (odds ratio = 4.05, 95% confidence interval = 1.89–8.67), and drinking alcohol (odds ratio = 2.17, 95% confidence interval = 1.08–4.36). Conclusion: Thai youth were more likely to be involved in multiple sexual risk behaviors than a single sexual risk behavior. Physical fighting was the strongest general health risk behavior associated with the sexual risk behaviors, followed by substance abuse

A review of patient safety in Thailand and Malaysia

This review explores the significance of patient safety in the two ASEAN nations of Thailand and Malaysia. It discusses the implications of upholding patient safety in the context of health care and also for developing medical tourism in both the countries. The relevance of human factors in patient safety is examined from the multi-level perspective of individuals, teams and organizations, and the overall health care systems. The article examines the research work in patient safety; with a discussion about the indigenous researches from both the countries. Further research areas are recommended that maybe of importance to both health care practitioners and researchers

Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Adherence Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Objectives: The effectiveness and efficiency of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in reducing the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among men who have sex with men (MSM) relies on how widely it is adopted and adhered to, particularly among high-risk groups of MSM. The meta-analysis aimed to collect and analyze existing evidence on various factors related to PrEP adherence in MSM, including demographic characteristics, sexual behaviors, substance use, and psychosocial factors. Methods: The meta-analysis followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The search included articles published between January 2018 and December 2022, obtained from the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases. The studies that were included in the analysis reported the proportion of MSM who demonstrated adherence to PrEP and underwent quality appraisal using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Of the 268 studies initially identified, only 12 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final meta-analysis. The findings indicated that education (odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12 to 2.40), number of sexual partners (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.31), engaging in sexual activities with an human immunodeficiency virus-positive partner (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.16 to 2.26), substance use (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.99), and lower levels of depression (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.37 to 0.82) were associated with higher rates of PrEP adherence among MSM. Conclusions: Despite these findings, further research is necessary to investigate PrEP adherence more comprehensively. The findings of this meta-analysis can be utilized to inform interventions aimed at improving PrEP adherence among MSM and provide directions for future research in this area

ภาวะผู้นำเชิงจริยธรรม: การพัฒนาและตรวจสอบคุณภาพเครื่องมือวัดพหุระดับ(Ethical Leadership: Development and Test of a Multilevel Scale)

Abstract   The objective of this research was to construct and develop a multi-level scale of ethical leadership, considered as both individual-level and group-level constructs. Data were collected by using the 62-item ethical leadership scale with 446 employees from 111 groups of private organizations in Bangkok. The ethical leadership scale was considered for its content validity by academic experts and its reliability was 0.89. The research found that ethical leadership had both an individual-level and a group-level of analysis; therefore, the framework for conducting multi-level construct validation was used. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated there were differences between factors of ethical leadership in the group-level (that had 1 factor) and the individual-level (that had 2 factors). Hence, ethical leadership had a group characteristic as Fuzzy composition. At the group-level testing, the convergent validity and construct reliability of this scale were accepted. The group-level construct reliability was 0.86 while individual-level construct reliabilities were 0.87 and 0.73 for each factor.   Keywords: Ethical leadership, Multi-level analysis, Multi-level scale development, Construct reliabilit