The psychiatric risks of temporal epilepsy surgery. What should patients be told?

We read with interest the recent article by Iranzo-Tatay et al. on the subject of psychiatric symptoms after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery [ 1 ]. The article assesses the mental health of patients with the use of psychopathological evaluations using previously validated scales, presurgery, and 6- and 12-month postsurgery. It concluded that the only significant risk factor for poor mental health outcomes was a presurgical history of mental health issues. These reasonable conclusions produce a number of clinical questions and implications regarding patient care

BRCA gene testing in women with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma

The objective of this study was to compare the pick-up rate of pathogenic BRCA variants in those with a high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) undergoing oncology-led testing with the traditional genetics family history-based testing model. With novel therapies, BRCA status can affect treatment. Welsh oncologists are now testing all women with HGSOC at diagnosis rather than referring to genetics, where family history is required for testing. The records of 332 women who underwent testing via oncology were analysed. The outcome measures were; percentage of women with a pathogenic BRCA variant and the difference in identification of pathogenic BRCA variants between the oncology-led and traditional genetics testing models. Of the 332 women, 25 women (7.5%) tested positive for a pathogenic BRCA variant. This was slightly lower than the detection rate of 9.8% for patients tested via the genetics service over the same period. Testing through genetics, using family history criteria would have identified only 19 (76%) of those with pathogenic variants in the oncology cohort. Since women with a pathogenic BRCA variant can be offered life-extending targeted treatment and a significant proportion of these women would be missed if testing was offered based on family history criteria alone, universal BRCA testing of all women with HGSOC is justified.Impact statement: What is already known on this subject? It is well established that individuals with a strong family history of breast and ovarian cancer are more likely to carry a pathogenic BRCA gene variant. With the use of tools such as the Manchester scoring system women are often invited for testing through clinical genetics services. Until recently there was no clinical impact for those already diagnosed with ovarian cancer. What do the results of this study add? Our study has shown that the diagnosis of high grade serious ovarian carcinoma alone without the need for any family history leads to a similar rate of detection of pathogenic BRCA variants as traditional methods. With the advent of targeted treatments such as olaparib, women with a pathogenic BRCA variant can access different life extending treatment options. With comparable pick-up rates to traditional family history based scoring systems, oncologists can now arrange BRCA gene testing directly. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Our study shows universal genetic testing of those with high-grade serious ovarian carcinoma by oncologists allows more women to access life extending treatment in a shorter timeframe compared to the traditional testing model used by clinical genetics services. We hope that other centres, both in the UK and beyond, will adopt this approach

Investigation of surface structure and biocompatibility of chitosan-coated zirconia and alumina dental abutments

Background: For long-term success of dental implants, it is essential to maintain the health of the surrounding soft tissue barrier, which protects the bone-implant interface from the microorganisms. Although implants based on titanium and its alloys still dominate the dental implant market, alumina (Al2O3) and zirconia (ZrO2) implant systems are widely used in the area. However, they provide smooth and bioinert surfaces in the transmucosal region, which poorly integrate with the surrounding tissues

EVALUATION OF THE CHITOSAN-COATING EFFECTIVENESS ON A DENTAL TITANIUM ALLOY IN TERMS OF MICROBIAL AND FIBROBLASTIC ATTACHMENT AND THE EFFECT OF AGING

The aim of this study was to obtain a biocompatible and antimicrobial implant surface by coating Ti6Al4V with chitosan which can be used to create a smooth transmucosal region for a faster and better wound healing and an increased bioactivity. Ti6Al4V plates were first abraded and ultrasonically cleaned and then coated with chitosan. In order to simulate the conditions of an oral environment, a group of coated plates were treated in a thermocycle apparatus. The coatings were evaluated with SEM, EDS, XRD and FTIR spectroscopy. The fibroblastic cell behavior was determined using HGF-1 cells. P. gingivalis was used to assess the effectiveness of chitosan as an antimicrobial coating. It can be said that the Ti6Al4V plates were successfully coated with chitosan, indicated by the presence of the C, H and O elements in the EDS results. There were no significant differences between the XRD patterns of the coated and uncoated plates; however, the characteristic bands of chitosan were observed in the FTIR patterns of both the coated and aged samples. The fibroblast-cell attachment and proliferation were enhanced while the bacterial proliferation was inhibited by the chitosan coating. Chitosan was shown to be a biologically useful material that can be used as the coating material for transmucosal regions of dental implants

Long-term outcomes after epilepsy surgery, a retrospective cohort study linking patient-reported outcomes and routine healthcare data

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the long-term outcomes of epilepsy surgery between 1995 and 2015 in South Wales, UK, linking case note review, postal questionnaire, and routinely collected healthcare data.Method: We identified patients from a departmental database and collected outcome data from patient case notes, a postal questionnaire, and the QOLIE-31-P and linked with Welsh routinely collected data in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) databank.Results: Fifty-seven patients were included. Median age at surgery was 34 years (11-70), median: 24 years (2-56) after onset of habitual seizures. Median follow-up was 7 years (2-19). Twenty-eight (49%) patients were free from disabling seizures (Engel Class 1), 9 (16%) experienced rare disabling seizures (Class 2), 13 (23%) had worthwhile improvements (Class 3), and 7 (12%) had no improvement (Class 4). There was a 30% mean reduction in total antiepileptic drug (AED) load at five years postsurgery. Thirty-eight (66.7%) patients experienced tonic-clonic seizures presurgery verses 8 (14%) at last review. Seizure-free patients self-reported a greater overall quality of life (QOL; QOLIE-31-P) when compared with those not achieving seizure freedom. Seizure-free individuals scored a mean of 67.6/100 (100 is best), whereas those with continuing seizures scored 46.0/100 (p < 0.006). There was a significant decrease in the median rate of hospital admissions for any cause after epilepsy surgery (9.8 days per 1000 patient days before surgery compared with 3.9 after p < 0.005).Significance: Epilepsy surgery was associated with significant improvements in seizures, a reduced AED load, and an improved QOL that closely correlated with seizure outcomes and reduced hospital admission rates following surgery. Despite this, there was a long delay from onset of habitual seizures to surgery. The importance of long-term follow-up is emphasized in terms of evolving medical needs and health and social care outcomes