Regional variation in the role of humidity on city-level heat-related mortality.

The rising humid heat is regarded as a severe threat to human survivability, but the proper integration of humid heat into heat-health alerts is still being explored. Using state-of-the-art epidemiological and climatological datasets, we examined the association between multiple heat stress indicators (HSIs) and daily human mortality in 739 cities worldwide. Notable differences were observed in the long-term trends and timing of heat events detected by HSIs. Air temperature (Tair) predicts heat-related mortality well in cities with a robust negative Tair-relative humidity correlation (CT-RH). However, in cities with near-zero or weak positive CT-RH, HSIs considering humidity provide enhanced predictive power compared to Tair. Furthermore, the magnitude and timing of heat-related mortality measured by HSIs could differ largely from those associated with Tair in many cities. Our findings provide important insights into specific regions where humans are vulnerable to humid heat and can facilitate the further enhancement of heat-health alert systems

Heavy Water Isotope Precipitation in Inland East Antarctica Accompanied by Strong Southern Westerly Winds during the Last Glacial Maximum

<p>Sources are available on https://github.com/kanonundgigue/kino2023grl</p&gt

Synoptic Moisture Intrusion Provided Heavy Isotope Precipitations in Inland Antarctica during the Last Glacial Maximum

<p><strong>Data used in <a href="https://essopenarchive.org/users/588705/articles/699418-synoptic-moisture-intrusion-provided-heavy-isotope-precipitations-in-inland-antarctica-during-the-last-glacial-maximum" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Kino et al. (2024, GRL, under revision)</a> are stored as zip and CSV files.</strong></p> <ul> <li>All data (except for Antarctica_LGM_Proxies.csv) resulted from an isotope-enabled atmospheric general circulation model named "iso-MIROC5" <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029463" target="_blank" rel="noopener">(Okazaki and Yoshimura, 2019, JGR)</a>.</li> <li>Antarctica_LGM_Proxies.csv resulted from Table 1 of <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-05430-y" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Werner et al. (2018, Nat. Com.)</a> and <a href="https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601239" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Steig et al. (2020, USAP-DC)</a>.</li> <li>The definition of southward moisture fluxes proposed by <a href="https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/clim/25/21/jcli-d-11-00665.1.xml" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Newman et al. (2012, JC)</a> was adopted.<br>The module of <a href="https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/13/1179/2020/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ESMValTool (Righi et al., 2020, GMD)</a> was customized to calculate Eady growth rate.</li> <li>Scripts used in <a href="https://essopenarchive.org/users/588705/articles/699418-synoptic-moisture-intrusion-provided-heavy-isotope-precipitations-in-inland-antarctica-during-the-last-glacial-maximum"><strong>Kino et al. (2024, GRL, under revision)</strong></a> are available in a <a href="https://github.com/kanonundgigue/kino2024grl" target="_blank" rel="noopener">GitHub repository</a>.</li> </ul> <p>Sources are available at <a href="https://github.com/kanonundgigue/kino2024grl">https://github.com/kanonundgigue/kino2024grl</a>.</p> <p>If you use data for your work, please ask the author to be a co-author or cite the paper according to data contributions.</p&gt

Astronomical forcing shaped the timing of early Pleistocene glacial cycles

Abstract Glacial cycles during the early Pleistocene are characterised by a dominant 41,000-year periodicity and amplitudes smaller than those of glacial cycles with ~100,000-year periodicity during the late Pleistocene. However, it remains unclear how the 41,000-year glacial cycles during the early Pleistocene respond to Earth’s astronomical forcings. Here we employ a three-dimensional ice-sheet model to simulate the glacial cycles at ~1.6–1.2 million years before present and analyse the phase angle of precession and obliquity at deglaciations. We show that each deglaciation occurs at every other precession minimum, and when obliquity is large. The lead-lag relationship between precession and obliquity controls the length of interglacial periods, the shape of the glacial cycle, and the glacial ice-sheet geometry. The large amplitudes of obliquity and eccentricity during this period helped to establish robust 41,000-year glacial cycles. This behaviour is explained by the threshold mechanism determined by ice-sheet size and astronomical forcings