Acute evening consumption of green kiwifruit in young men enhances walking alertness, mood and increases 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in urine

Abstract onl

ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ФУНКЦИЙ ЯЗЫКА В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКОЙ ПАРАДИГМЕ: ВЛИЯНИЕ ВИРТУАЛЬНОГО ДИСКУРСА

The modern linguistic paradigm in its conceptual and epistemological content represents a multi-subject system of directions united by a single methodological dominant of anthropocentrism. The priority of the anthropocentric projection in the description of the natural human language is due to the dialectic process of accumulation of linguistic knowledge, which predetermined a qualitatively new understanding of the ontology of the object under study. The principle of anthropocentrism determines the broad explanatory capabilities of modern linguistics in establishing constant units and categories mediated by the gnoseological unity of language and human. The study of the perception of verbal texts takes place within the framework of individual linguistic disciplines: text linguistics, grammar, stylistics, and psycholinguistics. However, most studies of speech messages are conducted in the context of the idealization of the object, that is, isolation from the specific situation in which the speech message is perceived. If we consider the actual functioning of a speech message, then almost always there will be a phenomenon of creolization of the verbal text. In reality, voice communication is a creolized text representing a fusion of verbal text and non-linguistic means, which include the extra-linguistic situation and paralinguistic means of oral and written speech.El paradigma lingüístico moderno en su contenido conceptual y epistemológico representa un sistema de direcciones de múltiples sujetos unidos por un único método metodológico dominante del antropocentrismo. La prioridad de la proyección antropocéntrica en la descripción del lenguaje humano natural se debe al proceso dialéctico de acumulación de conocimiento lingüístico, que predeterminó una comprensión cualitativamente nueva de la ontología del objeto en estudio. El principio del antropocentrismo determina las amplias capacidades explicativas de la lingüística moderna para establecer unidades y categorías constantes mediadas por la unidad gnoseológica del lenguaje y el ser humano. El estudio de la percepción de los textos verbales se lleva a cabo dentro del marco de las disciplinas lingüísticas individuales: lingüística del texto, gramática, estilística y psicolingüística. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los estudios de mensajes de voz se realizan en el contexto de la idealización del objeto, es decir, el aislamiento de la situación específica en la que se percibe el mensaje de voz. Si consideramos el funcionamiento real de un mensaje de voz, casi siempre habrá un fenómeno de creolización del texto verbal. En realidad, la comunicación de voz es un texto creolizado que representa una fusión de texto verbal y medios no lingüísticos, que incluyen la situación extralingüística y los medios paralingüísticos del habla oral y escrita.Современная лингвистическая парадигма в своем концептуальном и эпистемологическом содержании представляет собой многосубъектную систему направлений, объединенных единой методологической доминантой антропоцентризма. Приоритет антропоцентрической проекции в описании естественного человеческого языка обусловлен диалектическим процессом накопления лингвистических знаний, предопределившим качественно новое понимание онтологии изучаемого объекта. Принцип антропоцентризма определяет широкие объяснительные возможности современной лингвистики в установлении постоянных единиц и категорий, опосредованных гносеологическим единством языка и человека.  Изучение восприятия вербальных текстов происходит в рамках отдельных лингвистических дисциплин: лингвистики текста, грамматики, стилистики, психолингвистики. Однако большинство исследований речевых сообщений проводится в контексте идеализации объекта, то есть изоляции от конкретной ситуации, в которой воспринимается речевое сообщение. Если рассматривать реальное функционирование речевого сообщения, то почти всегда будет иметь место явление креолизации вербального текста. В действительности речевая коммуникация представляет собой креолизованный текст, представляющий собой сплав вербального текста и неязыковых средств, к которым относятся экстралингвистическая ситуация и паралингвистические средства устной и письменной речи

Vps13 is required for timely removal of nurse cell corpses

Programmed cell death and consecutive removal of cellular remnants is essential for development. During late stages of Drosophila melanogaster oogenesis, the small somatic follicle cells that surround the large nurse cells, promote non-apoptotic nurse cell death, subsequently engulf them, and contribute to the timely removal of nurse cell corpses. Here we identify a role for Vps13 in the timely removal of nurse cell corpses downstream of developmental programmed cell death. Vps13 is an evolutionary conserved peripheral membrane protein associated with membrane contact sites and lipid transfer. Vps13 is expressed in late nurse cells and persistent nurse cell remnants are observed when Vps13 is depleted from nurse cells but not from follicle cells. Microscopic analysis revealed enrichment of Vps13 in close proximity to the plasma membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum in nurse cells undergoing degradation. Ultrastructural analysis uncovered the presence of an underlying Vps13-dependent membranous structure in close association with the plasma membrane. The newly identified structure and function suggests the presence of a Vps13-dependent process required for complete degradation of bulky remnants of dying cells

Coenzyme A precursors flow from mother to zygote and from microbiome to host

Coenzyme A (CoA) is essential for metabolism and protein acetylation. Current knowledge holds that each cell obtains CoA exclusively through biosynthesis via the canonical five-step pathway, starting with pantothenate uptake. However, recent studies have suggested the presence of additional CoA-generating mechanisms, indicating a more complex system for CoA homeostasis. Here, we uncovered pathways for CoA generation through inter-organismal flows of CoA precursors. Using traceable compounds and fruit flies with a genetic block in CoA biosynthesis, we demonstrate that progeny survive embryonal and early larval development by obtaining CoA precursors from maternal sources. Later in life, the microbiome can provide the essential CoA building blocks to the host, enabling continuation of normal development. A flow of stable, long-lasting CoA precursors between living organisms is revealed. This indicates the presence of complex strategies to maintain CoA homeostasis

Use of sensory and physico-chemical parameters to understand consumer perception of attiéké, a fermented cassava product

Background: Cassava breeding research programs focused initially on agronomic performance but in recent years they have con-sidered the processability and the organoleptic properties of the final product, to increase the adoption of new varieties. One important cassava foodstuff is attiéké, a fermented and granular product, so it is necessary to determine criteria used by attiéké processors to select raw cassava and the characteristics leading consumers to like this product. This study assessed the attiéké pro-duction process, the criteria associated with the quality of attiéké, the sensory drivers of consumer acceptance, and their thresholds. Results: The total processing yield of attiéké varied according to the cassava variety and depended primarily on the fermentation-pressing yield. However, it was not correlated either with the peeling yield or with morphological characteristics of cassava roots. The production of a ton of attiéké required about 150 h. Dry matter, organic acids, soluble sugars, total pectin, and the pH of raw material and attiéké varied depending on the cassava variety. Ten discriminating sensory attributes of attiéké were identified. Consumer testing showed that overall liking for attiéké was associated with sourness, texture, and brightness. Acceptable sensory score thresholds were 1.67–2.18 for sour odor, 4.75 to 6.3 for cohesiveness, and 5.4 to 6.3 for ‘mouth feel sensation’. Attiéké dry matter correlated positively with cohesiveness and moldability. Conclusions: Several potential solutions are discussed to improve the adoption of cassava varieties for attiéké production. How-ever, further studies need to be carried out to translate the sensory thresholds of texture attributes into robust instrumental methods because texture is an important attribute of attiéké in addition to sourness

Drosophila Vps13 Is Required for Protein Homeostasis in the Brain

Chorea-Acanthocytosis is a rare, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of locomotor and cognitive function. It is caused by loss of function mutations in the Vacuolar Protein Sorting 13A (VPS13A) gene, which is conserved from yeast to human. The consequences of VPS13A dysfunction in the nervous system are still largely unspecified. In order to study the consequences of VPS13A protein dysfunction in the ageing central nervous system we characterized a Drosophila melanogaster Vps13 mutant line. The Drosophila Vps13 gene encoded a protein of similar size as human VPS13A. Our data suggest that Vps13 is a peripheral membrane protein located to endosomal membranes and enriched in the fly head. Vps13 mutant flies showed a shortened life span and age associated neurodegeneration. Vps13 mutant flies were sensitive to proteotoxic stress and accumulated ubiquitylated proteins. Levels of Ref(2)P, the Drosophila orthologue of p62, were increased and protein aggregates accumulated in the central nervous system. Overexpression of the human Vps13A protein in the mutant flies partly rescued apparent phenotypes. This suggests a functional conservation of human VPS13A and Drosophila Vps13. Our results demonstrate that Vps13 is essential to maintain protein homeostasis in the larval and adult Drosophila brain. Drosophila Vps13 mutants are suitable to investigate the function of Vps13 in the brain, to identify genetic enhancers and suppressors and to screen for potential therapeutic targets for Chorea-Acanthocytosis

Track D Social Science, Human Rights and Political Science

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138414/1/jia218442.pd

Correlation between cellular survival and potassium loss in mouse fibroblasts after hyperthermia alone and after a combined treatment with X rays

Mouse fibroblast LM cells have been heated at 44 degrees C for different periods. Potassium content of the cells was measured at certain intervals during the postheating period at 37 degrees C for up to 24 hr. The level of K+ decreased gradually in time starting within some hours after the heat treatment. The rate of K+ loss as well as the ultimate level reached was heat-dose dependent. When the potassium content of the cell population was determined 16 hr after the heat treatment, a correlation was observed between the concentration of potassium and the level of cell survival. When X irradiation was applied immediately after hyperthermia, radiosensitization on the level of cell survival was obtained as expected, the extent being dependent on the severity of heat treatments. No added K+ loss was observed, however, when hyperthermia was combined with radiation. It is suggested that plasma membrane related functions are disturbed by the heat treatment. This points to membranes as possible candidates for primary targets in the case of cell inactivation by heat alone, and not with respect to the radiosensitization by hyperthermia

Heat-Induced K+ Loss, Trypan Blue Uptake, and Cell Lysis in Different Cell Lines:Effect of Serum

Experiments were performed with three different cell lines, mouse fibroblast LM cells, HeLa S3 cells, and Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAT) cells, to establish the possible importance of hyperthermic-induced alterations in cellular K+ content in the mechanism of cell killing by heat. At different time points after the hyperthermic treatment, the K+ content in the cells, the uptake of the dye Trypan Blue (TB), and cell lysis were assayed. Heat-induced K+ loss preceded TB uptake which was followed by the heat-induced cell lysis. Lysis was assayed as disappearance of cells by counting the cells at different time points in a hematocytometer. The presence of serum during and after the heat treatment was of considerable importance with respect to K+ loss and TB uptake. K+ loss and TB uptake after the heat treatment were less when serum was present during and after hyperthermia. To protect against cell lysis, however, the serum had to be present during a preincubation period of 24 h. Clonogenic ability was not affected by the presence of serum. It is concluded that the intracellular K+ level of hyperthermic-treated cells is not a direct cause for cell killing and that heat-induced alterations in the cell leading to cell lysis are different from the processes decreasing cellular K+ content and permeabilizing the plasma membrane for trypan blu