A retrospective study of the comparison of maternal outcomes in in-vitro-fertilization pregnancy versus spontaneous conception

Background: The adverse maternal outcomes of newer technology of IVF have not been studied so far, especially in India.  The aim of the study was to compare maternal near miss and mortality between IVF-conceived and spontaneously conceived pregnancies, at a tertiary-level hospital, in Delhi. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study from 2018-2020. The demographic, obstetrics, past history, obstetric-related morbidity, mode of delivery, details of maternal near miss and mortality, and their reasons were recorded. Similar data from spontaneous conceptions were compiled. Comparison of maternal characteristics was tested using chi-square test, p<0.05 was considered significant.  Results: Mean age of women in the study group was 33.16±5.58 years and in controls was 26.16±4.28 years. The risk of multiple pregnancy (58.5% versus 2%, p<0.0001), pre-eclampsia (62.8% versus 17.1%, p<0.0001), gestational diabetes mellitus (23.5% versus 14.2%, p=0.0493), intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (32.8% versus 10%, p<0.0001), antepartum haemorrhage (12.1% versus 2.85%, p=0.0066), preterm deliveries (66.4% versus 5.7%, <0.0001), and maternal near miss (12.8% versus 0.7%, OR 20.50, 95% CI-2.6979 to 155.8916, p=0.0035) were much higher in the study group as compared to the control group and was statistically significant. The odds of maternal mortality were 4.0882, 95% CI 0.4512 to 37.0465, p=0.2105 in the study group as compared to the control group. Conclusions: There is a need to counsel couples wanting to conceive with IVF about not just the procedure and success rates of it, but also the potential for pregnancy complications

A Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Optimization Model for Allocating SKU and Suppliers in SC System

Supply chain stakeholders are increasingly paying attention to the optimal design of their supply chains because of several reasons like increasing production cost, reducing product life cycles, shrinking resources, and environmental sustainability. There has been greater emphasis on environmental concerns whilst designing the supply chains because of emerging government legislation in this domain and pressure from society.As a result, supply chain partners need to analyse their operations more critically. This study proposes a strategic decision-making model considering the operational costs caused by coordination and optimization of the sustainable supply chain design to satisfy the demand at retailers. In the study, an integrated supplier selection, procurement,inventory control and transportation model is discussed that helps in evaluating the suppliers, determining optimum quantity to procure, choosing transportation vehicle type along with managing environmental issues, obtaining optimal stock keeping units(SKU) and safety stock for each product category to fulfil a specified service level for retailers at minimum cost for the next planning horizon. The model demonstrates that how demand at retailer drives the full supply chain coordination and selection of distribution centre. The model has been validated through a case study

Comprehensive evaluation of the lesion on the first positive CT of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia

Aims and objective: To analyse the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) early imaging features and the changing trend of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Radiology in Sadar Hospital, Aurangabad, Bihar, India and Netaji Subhas Medical College and hospital, Amhara, Bihta, Patna, Bihar. Total 50 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who had an isolated lesion on the first positive CT were included in this study. The recorde for each lesion: sites, sizes, location (peripheral or central), attenuation (ground-glass opacity or consolidation), and other abnormalities (supply pulmonary artery dilation, air bronchogram, interstitial thickening, etc.) were studied. The follow-up CT images were compared with the previous CT scans, and the development of the lesions was evaluated. Results: The average age of the 32 male and 18female patients was 41.25 ± 11.03 years. The most common symptom was fever 44%, followed by Cough 36%, Myalgia 18% Fatigue 14%, Vomiting/Diarrhea 4%, Headache, Muscle pain, Abdominal pain. The affected segments were located in the lower lobes 56% and in the right lobe were involved more than left. .A higher proportion of medium lesions (diameter, 1 to < 3 cm) was noted 64 % and 6% had sizes less than 10 mm 12 % and 24% had size ≥3 cm. The lesions tended to be peripheral 66 % and subpleural 82 % on the first positive chest CT. 16% lesions had interlobar pleural locations and had no peripheral distribution, and 28 % of isolated lesions were located in the central region. No pure solid nodule with a well-defined boundary was observed. The main chest CT findings were pure ground glass opacity (GGO) 42%, and mixed GGO lesions with consolidations 58 %. A halo sign of ground glass around a solid nodule was observed in 12 of 50 patients (24 %). Supply pulmonary artery dilation was found in 47 of 50 patients (94%) and air bronchogram was observed in 34 of 50 patients (68%). Other findings included the thickening of intralobular interstitium 26% and interlobular septa 2%. Pleural effusion was noted in only 1 of 50 patients (2 %). Conclusion: The typical early CT features of COVID-19 pneumonia are ground-glass opacity, and located peripheral or subpleural location, and with supply pulmonary artery dilation. Reticulation was evident after the 2nd week and persisted in half of patients evaluated in 4 weeks after the onset. Long-term follow-up is required to determine whether the reticulation represents irreversible fibrosis. Keywords: CT features, CT images, COVID

Comparison of rugae dimensions among dental students from Punjab and Assam: A forensic study

Background: Identification of an individual is a very important aspect of forensic odontology. Palatal rugae can aid in this identification, as they remain unchanged once formed in embryo. Aim: The aim of the study was to establish the reliability of using the palatal rugae dimensions in identifying the different ethnic groups. Materials and Methods: A total number of sixty participants of two different ethnic groups were taken. The sample size consisted of thirty individuals of Assam and thirty individuals of Punjab between the age range of 17 and 26 years, with 15 males and 15 females in each group. The casts were prepared with alginate impression and digital caliper was used to measure the dimensions of rugae at different points on both right and left sides. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS software version 20 with unpaired t-test. Results and Conclusion: The study revealed the statistical significant difference in rugae dimensions of both these ethnic groups