Group B Streptococcal Endocarditis in Obstetric and Gynecologic Practice

Background: We describe a case and review ten other instances of group B streptococcal endocarditis in the setting of obstetric and gynecologic practice reported since the last review in 1985. Case: Abortion remains a common antecedent event, but in contrast to earlier reports, most patients did not have underlying valvular disease, the tricuspid valve was most often involved, and mortality was low. Patients with tricuspid valve infection tended to have a subacute course, whereas those with aortic or mitral involvement typically had a more acute, fulminant course. Conclusion: Despite an improvement in mortality, morbidity remains high, with 8 of 11 patients having clinically significant emboli

Accuracy and Precision in Medical Researchesand#59;Common Mistakes and Misinterpretations

Background: When we use a single test in clinical care, for appropriate management of patients and correct diagnosis in clinical care the validity and reliability of that single test is important. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the statistical issues about validity and reliability used in medical papers focusing on common mistakes and misinterpretations. nbsp METHODS:nbsp The articles about validity and reliability published in PubMed in 2012- 2015, were searched using MESH term. 200 most relevant papers with our topic were reviewed for assessing the correctness of methodology and statistical tests used to assess validity and reliability.nbspnbsp Results: our study showed that the clinical researchers make many mistakes in assessing of validity and reliability of a single test. In more than half of the papers the methodology and statistical tests used for evaluating of validity and reliability of a single test were incorrect or incomplete. Conclusion: In analysis of validity and reliability of a test in published papers, there are many mistakes and clinical researchers need to gain more knowledge about that.nbsp nbspnbs

Evaluating The Frequency of The Published Study Designs in The Field of Safety Promotion And Injury Prevention During The Last Three Decades (1985-2015)

Background: Study design is classified generally into two categories: observational and Interventional. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of the published study designs in the fields of safety promotion and injury prevention regarding to the continents during the last three decades. nbsp METHODS:nbsp In this review article, all published papers in Pubmed from 1984 to 2015 in the field of safety promotion and injury prevention were studied.We used the following keywords for our search: quotRoad trafficquot,quotburningquot,quotdrowningquot,quotfallquotandquotviolencequot.The total number of articles in this field were 115 manuscripts. Results: We showed that the most published papers in this field, were conducted in America. About 67% of all studies and 78% of all intervention studies have been conducted in the continent of America and Europe. Asia shared 9% of intervention studies and Iran shared 3.6% of the studies which have been conducted in this area. Conclusion: Considering the current situation in developed compared to developing countries, if one of the goals of the national health system to be health promotion in the society, the current status in terms of study design that are running, cannot results in safety in this field

The impact of traffic noise on mental performance considering complexity of activities

Introduction: Traffic noise has been thought as a major environmental stress in modern societies, and the cause of physiological and psychological disorders according to the World Health Organization. Moreover, traffic noise can interfere with mental performance. However, there is little coherent evidence showing the effect of traffic noise on individuals' performance. Hence, this paper aimed to address the role of traffic noise in participants' mental performance considering the complexity of the activity. Material and Method: Thirty-five master students studying in Tehran University of Medical Science were recruited for this study. Traffic noise was recorded by tape recorder and the traffic noise level was simultaneously measured by sound meter. Then, participants had been separately sitting in silent compared to traffic noise environment before they performed the tests including "S3"-type Choice Reaction Time (CRT) test as a simple activity and "S1"-type Determine Test (DT) as a complex activity taken from "Vienna Test System" software package. Result: The comparison between scores resulted from DT and CRT tests, before and after exposure to traffic noise under simple activity conditions, showed that there was little increase in mean score of reaction time (P-value=0.47) and motor time (P-value=0.49), showing no statistically significant changes in these variables. On the contrary, following exposure to traffic noise, the DT test under complex activity condition revealed that there is a clear decreasing trend in median reaction time(P=0.001), number of stimuli (P=0.014) and number of reactions (p=0.009) in participants, and also, no significant differences were found in correct responses (P=0.091) and incorrect responses (P=0.073). Conclusion: According to results of this study, use of principles of ergonomic design of signs and training are necessary One of the most significant findings emerged from this study is that traffic noise seems to have no effect on the mentioned variables under simple activity condition. However, traffic noise has devastating effects on median reaction time, number of appeared stimuli and reactions under complex activity condition

The impact of traffic noise on mental performance considering complexity of activities

Introduction: Traffic noise has been thought as a major environmental stress in modern societies, and the cause of physiological and psychological disorders according to the World Health Organization. Moreover, traffic noise can interfere with mental performance. However, there is little coherent evidence showing the effect of traffic noise on individuals’ performance. Hence, this paper aimed to address the role of traffic noise in participants’ mental performance considering the complexity of the activity.   Material and methods: Thirty-five master students studying in Tehran University of Medical Science were recruited for this study. Traffic noise was recorded by tape recorder and the traffic noise level was simultaneously measured by sound meter. Then, participants had been separately sitting in silent compared to traffic noise environment before they performed the tests including “S3”-type Choice Reaction Time (CRT) test as a simple activity and “S1”-type Determine Test (DT) as a complex activity taken from “Vienna Test System” software package.   Results: The comparison between scores resulted from DT and CRT tests ,before and after exposure to traffic noise under simple activity conditions, showed that there was little increase in mean score of reaction time (P-value=0.47) and motor time (P-value=0.49), showing no statistically significant changes in these variables. On the contrary, following exposure to traffic noise, the DT test under complex activity condition revealed that there is a clear decreasing trend in median reaction time(P=0.001), number of stimuli (P=0.014) and number of reactions (p=0.009) in participants, and also, no significant differences were found in correct responses (P=0.091) and incorrect responses (P=0.073).   Conclusion: One of the most significant findings emerged from this study is that traffic noise seems to have no effect on the mentioned variables under simple activity condition. However, traffic noise has devastating effects on median reaction time, number of appeared stimuli and reactions under complex activity condition