44,942 research outputs found
Massive and Red Objects predicted by a semianalytical model of galaxy formation
We study whether hierarchical galaxy formation in a concordance CDM
universe can produce enough massive and red galaxies compared to the
observations. We implement a semi-analytical model in which the central black
holes gain their mass during major mergers of galaxies and the energy feedback
from active galaxy nuclei (AGN) suppresses the gas cooling in their host halos.
The energy feedback from AGN acts effectively only in massive galaxies when
supermassive black holes have been formed in the central bulges. Compared with
previous models without black hole formation, our model predicts more massive
and luminous galaxies at high redshift, agreeing with the observations of K20
up to . Also the predicted stellar mass density from massive galaxies
agrees with the observations of GDDS. Because of the energy feedback from AGN,
the formation of new stars is stopped in massive galaxies with the termination
of gas cooling and these galaxies soon become red with color 5 (Vega
magnitude), comparable to the Extremely Red Objects (EROs) observed at redshift
1-2. Still the predicted number density of very EROs is lower than
observed at , and it may be related to inadequate descriptions of dust
extinction, star formation history and AGN feedback in those luminous galaxies.Comment: Accepted for Publication in ApJ, added reference
Magnetic Interaction in the Geometrically Frustrated Triangular Lattice Antiferromagnet
The spin wave excitations of the geometrically frustrated triangular lattice
antiferromagnet (TLA) have been measured using high resolution
inelastic neutron scattering. Antiferromagnetic interactions up to third
nearest neighbors in the ab plane (J_1, J_2, J_3, with
and ), as well as out-of-plane coupling (J_z, with
) are required to describe the spin wave dispersion
relations, indicating a three dimensional character of the magnetic
interactions. Two energy dips in the spin wave dispersion occur at the
incommensurate wavevectors associated with multiferroic phase, and can be
interpreted as dynamic precursors to the magnetoelectric behavior in this
system.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, published in Phys. Rev. Let
Symmetry and Radiatively Generated Leptogenesis
We consider a symmetry in neutrino sectors realized at GUT scale
in the context of a seesaw model. In our scenario, the exact
symmetry realized in the basis where the charged lepton and heavy Majorana
neutrino mass matrices are diagonal leads to vanishing lepton asymmetries. We
find that, in the minimal supersymmetric extension of the seesaw model with
large , the renormalization group (RG) evolution from GUT scale to
seesaw scale can induce a successful leptogenesis even without introducing any
symmetry breaking terms by hand, whereas such RG effects lead to tiny
deviations of and from and zero,
respectively. It is shown that the right amount of the baryon asymmetry
can be achieved via so-called resonant leptogenesis, which can be
realized at rather low seesaw scale with large in our scenario so
that the well-known gravitino problem is safely avoided.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures. Published in PR
Adsorption/desorption and electrically controlled flipping of ammonia molecules on graphene
In this paper, we evaluate of the adsorption/ desorption of ammonia molecules
on a graphene surface by studying the Fermi level shift. Based on a physically
plausible model, the adsorption and desorption rates of ammonia molecules on
graphene have been extracted from the measured Fermi level shift as a function
of exposure time. An electric field-induced flipping behavior of ammonia
molecules on graphene is suggested, based on field effect transistor (FET)
measurements
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Prevalence and determinants of anxiety and depression in end stage renal disease (ESRD). A comparison between ESRD patients with and without coexisting diabetes mellitus
Objective: To compare anxiety and/or depressive symptoms between patients with end-stage renal disease with and without comorbid diabetes and identify factors associated with symptoms of distress in this population.
Methods: Data from two studies (conducted between 2010 and 2014) were pooled. A total of 526 patients on hemodialysis (68.8% with diabetes) completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Elevated symptoms were defined as HADS-Anxiety or HADS-Depression ≥ 8. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to estimate associations between diabetic status, and other socio-demographic and clinical factors with baseline clinical anxiety and depression.
Results: A total of 233 (45.4%) reported elevated anxiety symptoms and 256 (49.9%) reported elevated depressive symptoms sufficient for caseness. Rates were not different between patients with and without diabetes. Risk for clinical depression was higher in patients who were single/unpartnered (OR = 1.828), Chinese vs. Malay (OR = 2.05), or had lower albumin levels (OR = 0.932). None of the parameters were associated with anxiety caseness.
Conclusion: Sociocultural factors rather than comorbid burden may help identify patients at risk for depression. The high rates of anxiety and depression underlie the importance for monitoring and intervention in dialysis care
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