19,810 research outputs found
Study of 0- phase transition in hybrid superconductor-InSb nanowire quantum dot devices
Hybrid superconductor-semiconducting nanowire devices provide an ideal
platform to investigating novel intragap bound states, such as the Andreev
bound states (ABSs), Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) states, and the Majorana bound
states. The competition between Kondo correlations and superconductivity in
Josephson quantum dot (QD) devices results in two different ground states and
the occurrence of a 0- quantum phase transition. Here we report on
transport measurements on hybrid superconductor-InSb nanowire QD devices with
different device geometries. We demonstrate a realization of continuous
gate-tunable ABSs with both 0-type levels and -type levels. This allow us
to manipulate the transition between 0 and junction and explore charge
transport and spectrum in the vicinity of the quantum phase transition regime.
Furthermore, we find a coexistence of 0-type ABS and -type ABS in the same
charge state. By measuring temperature and magnetic field evolution of the
ABSs, the different natures of the two sets of ABSs are verified, being
consistent with the scenario of phase transition between the singlet and
doublet ground state. Our study provides insights into Andreev transport
properties of hybrid superconductor-QD devices and sheds light on the crossover
behavior of the subgap spectrum in the vicinity of 0- transition
Low-field magnetotransport in graphene cavity devices
Confinement and edge structures are known to play significant roles in
electronic and transport properties of two-dimensional materials. Here, we
report on low-temperature magnetotransport measurements of lithographically
patterned graphene cavity nanodevices. It is found that the evolution of the
low-field magnetoconductance characteristics with varying carrier density
exhibits different behaviors in graphene cavity and bulk graphene devices. In
the graphene cavity devices, we have observed that intravalley scattering
becomes dominant as the Fermi level gets close to the Dirac point. We associate
this enhanced intravalley scattering to the effect of charge inhomogeneities
and edge disorder in the confined graphene nanostructures. We have also
observed that the dephasing rate of carriers in the cavity devices follows a
parabolic temperature dependence, indicating that the direct Coulomb
interaction scattering mechanism governs the dephasing at low temperatures. Our
results demonstrate the importance of confinement in carrier transport in
graphene nanostructure devices.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure
Field study on the influence of spatial and environmental characteristics on the evaluation of subjective loudness and acoustic comfort in underground shopping streets
A large-scale measurement and subjective survey was undertaken in five underground
shopping streets to determine the influence of spatial and environmental characteristics on
users’ subjective loudness and acoustic comfort. The analysis on the spatial characteristics
shows that the subjective loudness is higher in “street type” than in “square type”
underground shopping streets when the equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure
level (LAeq) is relatively high (75 dBA). Acoustic comfort is higher in “square type” than in
“street type” underground shopping streets where LAeq is relatively low (55 dBA).
Considering spatial functions, it is found that acoustic comfort is higher in a dining area than
in a shopping area. In terms of environmental characteristics where air temperature, relative
humidity, luminance and visual aspect were considered, the subjective loudness is influenced
by humidity and luminance, with correlation coefficients of 0.10 to 0.30. The evaluation of
acoustic comfort is influenced by air temperature, humidity, and luminance, with correlation
coefficients of 0.1 to 0.4. There are significant correlations between the evaluation of
environmental factors and subjective loudness, as well as, acoustic comfort. The correlation
coefficients are 0.1 to 0.5. Moreover, respondents’ attitude to sound environment could
influence their evaluation of subjective loudness and acoustic comfort
Effects of individual sound sources on the subjective loudness and acoustic comfort in underground shopping streets
Previous studies have demonstrated that human evaluation of subjective loudness and
acoustic comfort depends on a series of factors in a particular situation rather than only on
sound pressure levels. In the present study, a large-scale subjective survey has been
undertaken on underground shopping streets in Harbin, China, to determine how individual
sound sources influence subjective loudness and acoustic comfort evaluation. Based on the
analysis of case study results, it has been shown that all individual sound sources can increase
subjective loudness to a certain degree. However, their levels of influence on acoustic comfort
are different. Background music and the public address system can increase acoustic comfort,
with a mean difference of 0.18 to 0.32 and 0.21 to 0.27, respectively, where a five-point
bipolar category scale is used. Music from shops and vendor shouts can decrease acoustic
comfort, with a mean difference of -0.11 to -0.38 and -0.39 to -0.62, respectively. The
feasibility of improving acoustic comfort by changing certain sound sources is thus
demonstrated
Schottky barrier and contact resistance of InSb nanowire field effect transistors
Understanding of the electrical contact properties of semiconductor nanowire
(NW) field effect transistors (FETs) plays a crucial role in employing
semiconducting NWs as building blocks for future nanoelectronic devices and in
the study of fundamental physics problems. Here, we report on a study of the
contact properties of Ti/Au, a widely used contact metal combination, to
individual InSb NWs via both two-probe and four-probe transport measurements.
We show that a Schottky barrier of height is
present at the metal-InSb NW interfaces and its effective height is gate
tunable. The contact resistance () in the InSb NWFETs is also
analyzed by magnetotransport measurements at low temperatures. It is found that
at on-state exhibits a pronounced magnetic field dependent
feature, namely it is increased strongly with increasing magnetic field after
an onset field . A qualitative picture that takes into account
magnetic depopulation of subbands in the NWs is provided to explain the
observation. Our results provide a solid experimental evidence for the presence
of a Schottky barrier at Ti/Au-InSb NW interfaces and can be used as a basis
for design and fabrication of novel InSb NW based nanoelectronic devices and
quantum devices.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
Formation of Long Single Quantum Dots in High Quality InSb Nanowires Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy
We report on realization and transport spectroscopy study of single quantum
dots (QDs) made from InSb nanowires grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The
nanowires employed are 50-80 nm in diameter and the QDs are defined in the
nanowires between the source and drain contacts on a Si/SiO substrate. We
show that highly tunable QD devices can be realized with the MBE-grown InSb
nanowires and the gate-to-dot capacitance extracted in the many-electron
regimes is scaled linearly with the longitudinal dot size, demonstrating that
the devices are of single InSb nanowire QDs even with a longitudinal size of
~700 nm. In the few-electron regime, the quantum levels in the QDs are resolved
and the Land\'e g-factors extracted for the quantum levels from the
magnetotransport measurements are found to be strongly level-dependent and
fluctuated in a range of 18-48. A spin-orbit coupling strength is extracted
from the magnetic field evolutions of a ground state and its neighboring
excited state in an InSb nanowire QD and is on the order of ~300 eV. Our
results establish that the MBE-grown InSb nanowires are of high crystal quality
and are promising for the use in constructing novel quantum devices, such as
entangled spin qubits, one-dimensional Wigner crystals and topological quantum
computing devices.Comment: 19 pages, 5 figure
Antioxidantactivity In Vitro And Hepatoprotective Effect Of Phlomis Maximowiczii In Vivo
Background: Anumber of medicinal plants and there compounds played a major role in the treatment of hepatic disorders. They were widely used for the treatment of these disorders, and oxidant stress injury was one of the liver injury mechanisms. The present study evaluated the antioxidant activity and the hepatoprotective effect of each extracts of Phlomis maximowiczii.Materials and Methods: The antioxidant activity was assayed by the methods of ABTS, FRAP and DPPH in vitro. Hepatoprotective effect of P. maximowiczii extracts was examined using carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in mice.Results: P. maximowiczii n-butanol (PMBU) extract, ABTS (IC50=18.96 μg/mL), DPPH (IC50=25.15 μg/mL), and FRAP (RACT50=2775.6±144.18 μmol/g), showed higher scavenging capacity than that of P. maximowiczii ethyl acetate (PMEA). The n-butanol extract could significantly reduce the level of GPT, GOT and MDA (P<0.05, P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively) and increase the level of SOD (P<0.001), respectively.Conclusion: The antioxidant activity of n-butanol extract in vitro was related with the level ofMDAand SOD in vivo, and hepatoprotective effect of n-butanol extract also had relationship with its antioxidant activity in vivo.Key words: Phlomis maximowiczii, anti-oxidation, acute liver in jury, carbon tetrachloride
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Nanoindentation Of Si Nanostructures: Buckling And Friction At Nanoscales
A nanoindentation system was employed to characterize mechanical properties of silicon nanolines (SiNLs), which were fabricated by an anisotropic wet etching (AWE) process. The SiNLs had the linewidth ranging from 24 nm to 90 nm, having smooth and vertical sidewalls and the aspect ratio (height/linewidth) from 7 to 18. During indentation, a buckling instability was observed at a critical load, followed by a displacement burst without a load increase, then a full recovery of displacement upon unloading. This phenomenon was explained by two bucking modes. It was also found that the difference in friction at the contact between the indenter and SiNLs directly affected buckling response of these nanolines. The friction coefficient was estimated to be in a range of 0.02 to 0.05. For experiments with large indentation displacements, irrecoverable indentation displacements were observed due to fracture of Si nanolines, with the strain to failure estimated to be from 3.8% to 9.7%. These observations indicated that the buckling behavior of SiNLs depended on the combined effects of load, line geometry, and the friction at contact. This study demonstrated a valuable approach to fabrication of well-defined Si nanoline structures and the application of the nanoindentation method for investigation of their mechanical properties at the nanoscale.Microelectronics Research Cente
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