HISTOLOGICAL, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL, ТЕМ AND SEM INVESTIGATIONS IN THE VALVE-CUSP FREE BORDER OF GREAT VARICOSE SAPHENOUS VEIN

The authors studied venous valve cusps from surgically removed great saphenous vein with essential lower limb varicosis from 20 patients without data about previous thrombophlebitis. Venous valves without varicose alterations were used as controls. The histological, immunohistochemical, ТЕМ and SEM techniques were applied. In morphologically complete valve cusps from non-varicose great saphenous vein, a small marginal thickening was observed by routine histology. The cells visualised in these thickenings showed positive reaction against anti-vimentin but negative reaction against anti—smooth muscle actin antibody. In varicose vein valve cusps a marginal thickening with considerably larger diameter was histologically observed. In the fibrin-like material which was disposed around these thickenings, proliferation of fibroblasts as well as collagen fibres' depositions were seen. The SEM study showed partial "rollings" of the free cusp border. In the marginal thickening, the cells showed negative reaction not only to anti—smooth muscle actin but they also lost the reaction to anti-vimentin monoclonal antibody. The process mentioned above advanced, it occupied a new part at the valve cusp and so the cusp shortened. According to our hypothesis, this was one of the ways of initiating and advancing incompetence in primary varicosis

Upgrading Brewer's Spent Grains by Treatment With Aspergillus Species

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Ethanol production by Zymomonas mobilis entrapped in alumina pellets

Zymomonas mobilis cells were immobilized on pellets of alumina (Al2O3) by entrapment based on electrostatic forces. Entrapped cells produced 52 g/l-1 ethanol every 24 h for many successive fermentation batches, when inoculated in batch synthetic media containing 12% glucose. It was shown that the rate of growth, ethanol production and glucose utilization increased when Al2O3 was added in the growth medium. This increase was dependent upon the concentration of Al2O3. The optimum conditions for immobilization of Z. mobilis on Al2O3 were established. Reduction in productivity and yield was not observed for up to 15 successive fermentation batches using the same entrapped cells. © 1988 Springer-Verlag