Support of the nursery and kindergarten teacher in the relationship between children : Focusing on the scene when the nursery and kindergarten teacher feels difficulty.

子どもたちは身近な人と関わりながら、人と関わる力の基礎を培っていく。保育所等での集団生活は様々な子どもどうしの関わりが日常的にある、まさに学びの宝庫である。子どもは他の子どもや保育者と関わりながら、人間関係を学んでいる。やり取りが難しい局面に当たることも日常茶飯事であるが、保育者の援助を受けながら、他の子どもとの関わりを少しずつ身につけている。本研究は、現役の保育者のインタビューから、子どもどうしの関わりにおいて保育者が困難性を感じる場面での保育者の援助的関わりをまとめたものであり、保育者や学生などが子ども同士の関わりを考える上での参考資料とし、保育実践に還元していくことを目指すものである。保育者は子どもに対する多様な援助を行っているが、中でも２歳～５歳の年齢幅に関わらず、子どもの気持ちの「代弁」や状況理解を促す「言葉かけ」を行うという基本的な子どものやり取りを中心に据え、繰り返し関わっていた。また事態の好転には子ども自身の成長も影響していると感じながら、なかなか良い結果が得られない場合にも、子どもへの働きかけを積み重ねる保育者の姿があった。departmental bulletin pape

The active form of Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin induces decay-accelerating factor CD55 in association with intestinal metaplasia in the human gastric mucosa

High-level expression of decay-accelerating factor, CD55, has previously been found in human gastric cancer (GC) and intestinal metaplasia (IM) tissues. Therapeutic effects of CD55 inhibition in cancer have been reported. However, the role of Helicobacter pylori infection and virulence factors in the induction of CD55 and its association with histological changes of the human gastric mucosa remain incompletely understood. We hypothesised that CD55 would be increased during infection with more virulent strains of H. pylori, and with more marked gastric mucosal pathology. RT-qPCR and immunohistochemical analyses of gastric biopsy samples from 42 H. pylori-infected and 42 uninfected patients revealed that CD55 mRNA and protein were significantly higher in the gastric antrum of H. pylori-infected patients, and this was associated with the presence of IM, but not atrophy, or inflammation. Increased gastric CD55 and IM were both linked with colonisation by vacA i1-type strains independently of cagA status, and in vitro studies using isogenic mutants of vacA confirmed the ability of VacA to induce CD55 and sCD55 in gastric epithelial cell lines. siRNA experiments to investigate the function of H. pylori-induced CD55 showed that CD55 knockdown in gastric epithelial cells partially reduced IL-8 secretion in response to H. pylori, but this was not due to modulation of bacterial adhesion or cytotoxicity. Finally, plasma samples taken from the same patients were analysed for the soluble form of CD55 (sCD55) by ELISA. sCD55 levels were not influenced by IM and did not correlate with gastric CD55 mRNA levels. These results suggest a new link between active vacA i1-type H. pylori, IM, and CD55, and identify CD55 as a molecule of potential interest in the management of IM as well as GC treatment. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland

Direct RT-qPCR Assay for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Saliva Samples

Since mid-2020 there have been complexities and difficulties in the standardisation and administration of nasopharyngeal swabs. Coupled with the variable and/or poor accuracy of lateral flow devices, this has led to increased societal ‘testing fatigue’ and reduced confidence in test results. Consequently, asymptomatic individuals have developed reluctance towards repeat testing, which remains the best way to monitor COVID-19 cases in the wider population. On the other hand, saliva-based PCR, a non-invasive, highly sensitive, and accurate test suitable for everyone, is gaining momentum as a straightforward and reliable means of detecting SARS-CoV-2 in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Here, we provide an itemised list of the equipment and reagents involved in the process of sample submission, inactivation and analysis, as well as a detailed description of how each of these steps is performed

Performance evaluation of a non-invasive one-step multiplex RT-qPCR assay for detection of SARS-CoV-2 direct from saliva

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has proven to be the gold-standard for SARS-CoV-2 detection in clinical settings. The most common approaches rely on nasopharyngeal specimens obtained from swabs, followed by RNA extraction, reverse transcription and quantitative PCR. Although swab-based PCR is sensitive, swabbing is invasive and unpleasant to administer, reducing patient compliance for regular testing and resulting in an increased risk of improper sampling. To overcome these obstacles, we developed a non-invasive one-step RT-qPCR assay performed directly on saliva specimens. The University of Nottingham Asymptomatic Testing Service protocol simplifies sample collection and bypasses the need for RNA extraction, or additives, thus helping to encourage more regular testing and reducing processing time and costs. We have evaluated the assay against the performance criteria specified by the UK regulatory bodies and attained accreditation (BS EN ISO/IEC 17,025:2017) for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing by the United Kingdom Accreditation Service. We observed a sensitivity of 1 viral copy per microlitre of saliva, and demonstrated a concordance of > 99.4% between our results and those of other accredited testing facilities. We concluded that saliva is a stable medium that allows for a highly precise, repeatable, and robust testing method

3.一次相転移の動力学後期課程のドメイン・サイズ分布関数による記述(お茶の水女子大学理学研究科物理学専攻,修士論文題目・アブストラクト(1985年度)その1)

この論文は国立情報学研究所の電子図書館事業により電子化されました。Many systems in nature malce phase transitions of the first order. Such a system, if quenched from a single-phase thermal equilibrium state into a single-phase nonequilibrium state, evolves into another equilibrium thermodynamic state which consists of two coexisting phases. These phase separation processes are characterized by nucleation, spinodal decomposition, and late stage growth and coarsening

Parsing Concurrent XML

Concurrent markup hierarchies appear often in document-centric XML documents, as a result of different XML elements having overlapping scopes. They require significantly different approach to management and maintenance. Management of XML documents composed of concurrent markup has been mostly studied by the document processing community and has attracted attention of computer scientists only recently. In this paper we discuss the architecture of an XML parser for concurrent XML. This parser uses a GODDAG data structure in place of traditional DOM Tree to store concurrent markup on top of the document content and provides a DOM-like API that allows software developers of tools working with concurrent XML documents to use it instead of parsing each individual component with a traditional DOM XML parser. The paper describes the architecture of the parser, data structures and algorithms used and the DOM-like API