INTERPRETASI SIMBOL DAN STRUKTUR BATIN DALAM KUMPULAN PUISI SHINSHOO SUKECCHI HARU TO SHURA KARYA MIYAZAWA KENJI (Sebuah Kajian Semiotik-Struktural) 宮沢賢治の「心象スケッチ春と修羅」詩集のシンボルの解釈と内部構造

ABSTRACT Kaneko Yoshiko, 2017. “The Interpretation of the Symbols and the Internal Structure Based on Shinshoo Sukecchi Haru to Shura Poetry Collection by Miyazawa Kenji”. Thesis, Japanese Literature, Diponegoro University, Semarang. The first advisor Nur Hastuti, S.S, M.Hum. The second advisor Zaki Ainul Fadli, S.S, M.Hum. Free verse poem is a fair form of poetry. It does not tied with certain rules, but still using the fascinating language. Free verse has a structure similar to the prose but can be distinguished by the delivery of language where there are a lot of implicit meaning, because a poem says one thing and means another. The investigated issues in this researches are what kind of symbols associated with the poet's life contained in six poems at Shinshoo Sukecchi Haru to Shura poetry collection by Miyazawa Kenji; how the hermeneutic reading, and what kind of internal structures are found on six poems. The method used in this thesis is Library Research. That is, data acquisition method, data analysis method, and presentation of the result of data analysis method. This research uses the science of semiotics that has been described by Charles Sanders Peirce using triangular trichotomous/triadic that is, representamen (R) - the object (O) - interpretant (I). The second phase describes the hermeneutic interpretation, a poem re-reading or rhyme from the beginning to the end with hermeneutic interpretation/retroactive to understand the entire contents contained in literary works per parts. The third phase seek the intrinsic elements of the internal structure through the structural theory described by Herman J. Waluyo, to understand better the content is and what was written by the poet. The research’s results showes that there are 6 blank symbols, 23 natural symbols, and 11 private symbols. The hermeneutic majority describes the poet’s journey of miserable life and ended with the sincerity of his past. Meanwhile, the internal structure majority describes the poet’s sacrifice, pray, sorrow, destruction, faith, and peace. Keywords: Triangle trichotomous, blank symbol, natural symbol, private symbol, hermeneutic, the elements of the internal structure, free verse, Miyazawa Kenji

Characterization of TRPA channels in the starfish Patiria pectinifera: involvement of thermally activated TRPA1 in thermotaxis in marine planktonic larvae.

The vast majority of marine invertebrates spend their larval period as pelagic plankton and are exposed to various environmental cues. Here we investigated the thermotaxis behaviors of the bipinnaria larvae of the starfish, Patiria pectinifera, in association with TRPA ion channels that serve as thermal receptors in various animal species. Using a newly developed thermotaxis assay system, we observed that P. pectinifera larvae displayed positive thermotaxis toward high temperatures, including toward temperatures high enough to cause death. In parallel, we identified two TRPA genes, termed PpTRPA1 and PpTRPA basal, from this species. We examined the phylogenetic position, spatial expression, and channel properties of each PpTRPA. Our results revealed the following: (1) The two genes diverged early in animal evolution; (2) PpTRPA1 and PpTRPA basal are expressed in the ciliary band and posterior digestive tract of the larval body, respectively; and (3) PpTRPA1 is activated by heat stimulation as well as by known TRPA1 agonists. Moreover, knockdown and rescue experiments demonstrated that PpTRPA1 is involved in positive thermotaxis in P. pectinifera larvae. This is the first report to reveal that TRPA1 channels regulate the behavioral response of a marine invertebrate to temperature changes during its planktonic larval period

Genomic structure and evolution of multigene families: “Flowers” on the human genome

We report the results of an extensive investigation of genomic structures in the human genome, with a particular focus on relatively large repeats (>50 kb) in adjacent chromosomal regions. We named such structures “Flowers” because the pattern observed on dot plots resembles a flower. We detected a total of 291 Flowers in the human genome. They were predominantly located in euchromatic regions. Flowers are gene-rich compared to the average gene density of the genome. Genes involved in systems receiving environmental information, such as immunity and detoxification, were overrepresented in Flowers. Within a Flower, the mean number of duplication units was approximately four. The maximum and minimum identities between homologs in a Flower showed different distributions; the maximum identity was often concentrated to 100% identity, while the minimum identity was evenly distributed in the range of 78% to 100%. Using a gene conversion detection test, we found frequent and/or recent gene conversion events within the tested Flowers. Interestingly, many of those converted regions contained protein-coding genes. Computer simulation studies suggest that one role of such frequent gene conversions is the elongation of the life span of gene families in a Flower by the resurrection of pseudogenes

Bilayer Indium Tin Oxide Electrodes for Deformation-Free Ultrathin Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells

The superior electrical conductivity and optical transparency of indium tin oxide (ITO) make it an ideal electrode material for use in optoelectronic devices such as solar cells. When ITO electrodes are fabricated on very thin plastic substrates, however, the internal stress of the ITO layer causes the substrate to deform, severely limiting the device's performance. Herein, it is shown that ITO bilayers composed of an amorphous base layer and a crystalline overlayer lead to deformation-free ITO electrodes. It is shown that an optimized bilayer structure is achieved when the internal stresses of the amorphous and crystalline layers approximately cancel. With this approach, mixed composition metal halide perovskite solar cells with ITO electrodes are successfully fabricated on 4 μm polyethylene naphthalate films. A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.2% is obtained for the reference cell design, corresponding to a power-to-weight ratio of 24 W g−1 before encapsulation. The devices retain 95% of the original PCE after 1000 bend cycles, while under simulated indoor lighting (white LED, 200 lux, 5000 K) the PCE reaches 28.3%. A 3-cell module with a designated area of 2.3 cm² is realized with a power output of 28.1 mW and an open-circuit voltage of 3.17 V

Reactive peripheral blood plasmacytosis in a patient with acute hepatitis A

金沢大学附属病院小児科Reactive plasmacytosis is a transient expansion of plasma cell progenitors and precursors. This rare condition has been reported to occur mainly in infections and tumors. We describe a case of acute hepatitis A presenting with marked peripheral blood plasmacytosis. Plasma cells made up 27.5% of the mononuclear cells and had the immunophenotype CD10-CD19 +CD20-CD21-CD23-CD34 -CD38++HLA-DR+. Although the level of interleukin 6 was not increased, the presence of activated T-cells with an inverted CD4/CD8 ratio and high levels of soluble interleukin 2 receptor and neopterin indicated a marked immune response to acute hepatitis A. The patient\u27s plasma cells had almost disappeared from the blood by hospital day 16. This report may represent the first described case of reactive peripheral blood plasmacytosis in acute hepatitis A. © 2007 The Japanese Society of Hematology

Working memory dynamics and spontaneous activity in a flip-flop oscillations network model with a Milnor attractor

Many cognitive tasks require the ability to maintain and manipulate simultaneously several chunks of information. Numerous neurobiological observations have reported that this ability, known as the working memory, is associated with both a slow oscillation (leading to the up and down states) and the presence of the theta rhythm. Furthermore, during resting state, the spontaneous activity of the cortex exhibits exquisite spatiotemporal patterns sharing similar features with the ones observed during specific memory tasks. Here to enlighten neural implication of working memory under these complicated dynamics, we propose a phenomenological network model with biologically plausible neural dynamics and recurrent connections. Each unit embeds an internal oscillation at the theta rhythm which can be triggered during up-state of the membrane potential. As a result, the resting state of a single unit is no longer a classical fixed point attractor but rather the Milnor attractor, and multiple oscillations appear in the dynamics of a coupled system. In conclusion, the interplay between the up and down states and theta rhythm endows high potential in working memory operation associated with complexity in spontaneous activities