Performance of drought tolerant rice varieties in different altitudes at Duradada, Lamjung, Nepal

To evaluate high yielding drought tolerant rice varieties in different altitudes, a field experiment was carried out at Duradanda, Lamjung, Nepal during rainy season of 2016 under rainfed condition. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with two replications. The treatments comprised of six different rice varieties viz. Sukhadhan-1, Sukhadhan-2, Sukhadhan-3, Sukhadhan-4, Sukhadhan-5 and Sukhadhan-6 and four altitudes viz. 1000, 1200, 1400 and 1600 masl. The results revealed that rice variety Sukhadhan-2 produced the highest grain yield (2.93 t/ha) followed by Sukhadhan-5 (2.92 t/ha) and Sukhadhan-3 (2.82 t/ha). The highest grain yield of Sukhadhan-2 was due to higher number of effective tillers/m2 (228), higher number of grains/panicle (83), higher panicle length (21.79 cm) and low sterility percentage (27.91%) as compared to other varieties. Regarding to altitudes, the highest grain yield (3.34 t/ha) was obtained in lower altitude (1000 masl) followed by 1200 masl (2.79 t/ha), 1400 masl (2.68 t/ha and 1600 masl (1.85 t/ha). The lower yield in higher altitude was due to higher sterility percentage, less number of effective tillers per unit area and less number of effective grains per panicle. It seems that the performance of these varieties was good up to 1400 masl

Retraction notice to “Adoption of goat production technology and its impact among rural farmers in nawalparsi district of nepal” [Jurnal Agercolere, 1(1), 1–5]

This article has been retracted: please see Jurnal Agercolere Publication Ethics (http://faperta.unisan.ac.id/jurnal/index.php/jac/ethics). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. The author has published manuscripts describing essentially the same research in more than one journal or primary publication, as follow: Aryal, M. Jaishi and A. Gaire, “Adoption of goat production technology and its impact among rural farmers of Nawalparasi district, Nepal” - Nepalese Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2018, pp. 109–113. ref.6 url: http://www.hicast.edu.np/uploads/colleges/16/5c2a464490dbd.pdf One of the conditions of submission of a paper for publication is that authors declare explicitly that their work is original and has not appeared in a publication elsewhere. Re-use of any data should be appropriately cited. As such this article represents a severe abuse of the scientific publishing system. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process.This article has been retracted: please see Jurnal Agercolere Publication Ethics (http://faperta.unisan.ac.id/jurnal/index.php/jac/ethics). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. The author has published manuscripts describing essentially the same research in more than one journal or primary publication, as follow: Aryal, M. Jaishi and A. Gaire, “Adoption of goat production technology and its impact among rural farmers of Nawalparasi district, Nepal” - Nepalese Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2018, pp. 109–113. ref.6 url: http://www.hicast.edu.np/uploads/colleges/16/5c2a464490dbd.pdf One of the conditions of submission of a paper for publication is that authors declare explicitly that their work is original and has not appeared in a publication elsewhere. Re-use of any data should be appropriately cited. As such this article represents a severe abuse of the scientific publishing system. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process

Effect of integrated plant nutrient management system in quality of mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco)

Nepal is a major producer among top twenty producing country of mandarin orange in the world. The productivity of the mandarin orange is very low as compared to other developed countries. Nutrient management is the serious problem in most of the orchard along the country. The experiment was conducted in Baglung district of Gandaki Province, Nepal in 2017 to study the effect of Integrated Plant Nutrient Management System (IPNMs) in quality parameters of mandarin orange. Seven group of treatment were assigned for experiment. All treatments were replicated three times in randomized complete block design. The fruits of T4 (Integrated nutrient) have greater fruit diameter: 5.26 cm, weight: 83.32 g total soluble solid: 14.53 brix % and lower titratable acidity: 0.846%. Fruits of T7 have more peel percentage (26.07%). These all findings indicate, integrated plant nutrient management system governs the quality of fresh mandarin orange.Nepal is a major producer among top twenty producing country of mandarin orange in the world. The productivity of the mandarin orange is very low as compared to other developed countries. Nutrient management is the serious problem in most of the orchard along the country. The experiment was conducted in Baglung district of Gandaki Province, Nepal in 2017 to study the effect of Integrated Plant Nutrient Management System (IPNMs) in quality parameters of mandarin orange. Seven group of treatment were assigned for experiment. All treatments were replicated three times in randomized complete block design. The fruits of T4 (Integrated nutrient) have greater fruit diameter: 5.26 cm, weight: 83.32 g total soluble solid: 14.53 brix % and lower titratable acidity: 0.846%. Fruits of T7 have more peel percentage (26.07%). These all findings indicate, integrated plant nutrient management system governs the quality of fresh mandarin orange

GENETIC VARIABILITY, HERITABILITY AND GENETIC ADVANCE ESTIMATES IN MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) GENOTYPES IN NEPAL

Eleven early maize and ten winter maize  genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at the research field  of Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Lumle, Kaski and National Maize Research Program (NMRP), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal respectively  to assess the magnitude of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield and yield contributing traits during summer (Kharif) and winter (rabi) seasons of 2016-2017. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for 10 characters studied among the genotypes. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) is higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) recorded for all traits. High GCV and PCV was recorded for grain yield, thousand kernel weight and ear height. Heritability was  moderate to high  except thousand kernel weight in Kharif whereas number of kernel per ear showed lowest heritability in winter season. Genetic gain as percentage of mean (GAM) was greater for grain yield, thousand kernel weight, plant height and ear height.  As grain yield had higher genetic advance along with high heritability in both the seasons that indicated the presence of large proportion of additive gene action for deciding this trait

Evaluation of performance and genetic parameters in quality protein maize genotypes

Quality protein maize (QPM) contains opaque-2 mutant genes that increases lysine and tryptophan level which are not normally found in maize. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of QPM genotype based on their yield, yield attributing and other relevant characteristics. A varietal trial on QPM was conducted in the research field of Lamahi municipality-3, Dang, Nepal from February to June 2021. This experiment was performed in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Thirteen genotypes of QPM and one standard check (Poshilo Makai-2) were evaluated. Each genotype was assigned an area of 3m × 3m with a net plot area of 452.5m2 per block. Analysis of variance revealed significant data for the most of the genotypes. Four genotypes Rampur-S13FQ-02 Rampur-SO3FQ-02, Rampur-S13FQ010 and Rampur-S13FQ-08 were found superior with a yield of 4.32 t/ha, 3.97 t/ha, 3.89 t/ha, 3.63 t/ha respectively in comparison to the standard check Poshilo makai-2 (2.66 t/ha). Significant and positive correlation were observed for the ear length, ear diameter, number of kernels per ear, number of kernel row per ear, ear weight whereas negative for ear aspect with grain yield was observed. Ear weight without husk had the highest contribution to grain yield. For all observed traits, the coefficient of phenotypic variation (PCV) was found to be higher than that of genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV). The highest GCV, PCV, genetic advance and heritability were observed in ear aspect, thousand grain weight, ear height, plant height respectively. As a result, breeding programs can be further improved by selecting these traits

ENERGY USE EFFICIENCY (EUE) FOR HYBRID MAIZE UNDER DIFFERENT TILLAGE SYSTEMS AND PLANT DENSITY IN CHITWAN, NEPAL

To assess energy use efficiency of hybrids maize as influenced by tillage methods and plant density. A field experiment was carried out at research field of National Maize Research Program (NMRP), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during winter season of 2015/16. The experiment was laid out in strip-split plot design comprising two hybrids as horizontal factor (Rampur hybrid 4 and Rampur hybrid 6), two tillage methods as vertical factors (zero and conventional tillage) and four plant populations as sub-sub plot factors (55,555, 69,444, 85,470 and 1,01,010 plants ha-1). Zero tillage recorded significantly higher energy output and net energy balance (238.98 and 217.48 MJ ha-1) as compared to conventional tillage (193.65 and 172.22 MJ ha-1, respectively). Similarly, the plant population of 85 thousand plants ha-1 recorded significantly higher energy output and net energy balance (233.98 and 212.45 thousand MJ ha-1) than 55 (184.10 and 162.87 thousand MJ ha-1) but remained at par with 69 (206.63 and 185.24 thousand MJ ha-1) and 101 thousand plants ha-1 (240.55 and 218.83 thousand MJ ha-1).To assess energy use efficiency of hybrids maize as influenced by tillage methods and plant density. A field experiment was carried out at research field of National Maize Research Program (NMRP), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during winter season of 2015/16. The experiment was laid out in strip-split plot design comprising two hybrids as horizontal factor (Rampur hybrid 4 and Rampur hybrid 6), two tillage methods as vertical factors (zero and conventional tillage) and four plant populations as sub-sub plot factors (55,555, 69,444, 85,470 and 1,01,010 plants ha-1). Zero tillage recorded significantly higher energy output and net energy balance (238.98 and 217.48 MJ ha-1) as compared to conventional tillage (193.65 and 172.22 MJ ha-1, respectively). Similarly, the plant population of 85 thousand plants ha-1 recorded significantly higher energy output and net energy balance (233.98 and 212.45 thousand MJ ha-1) than 55 (184.10 and 162.87 thousand MJ ha-1) but remained at par with 69 (206.63 and 185.24 thousand MJ ha-1) and 101 thousand plants ha-1 (240.55 and 218.83 thousand MJ ha-1)

Varietal evaluation of promising maize genotypes

The selection efficiency can be broadened for certain traits using estimates of genetic parameters, which are fundamental for plant breeding. The present study was carried out with ten maize genotypes grown in October, 2016 to April, 2017 using randomized complete block design with three replications at research field of National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal. The objective of this study was to estimate the variability and correlation of agro-morphological traits in maize genotypes. Variation was observed for all the growth, phenology, yield and yield attributing traits among the genotypes. The genotypes, ZM-627 (4984 kg ha-1) and Across9942/Across9944 (4523 kg ha-1) were identified as promising genotypes. Grain yield had significant positive correlation for ear length, number of grains per row, number of ears per plot and thousand grains weight. Path analysis showed that ear height, days to 50% tasseling, anthesis-silking interval, ear length, ear diameter, number of grain rows per ear, number of grains per ear, number of ears per plot and 1000 grains weight had direct and positive effects on grain yield. Moderate to high estimates of GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance were found for plant height, ear height, thousand kernels weight, tasseling days, anthesis- silking interval and grain yield. Therefore, these traits can be used as selection indices for indirect selection for the improvement of maize productivity

RESPONSE OF AZOTOBACTER IN CAULIFLOWER (BRASSICA OLERACEA L. VAR. BOTRYTIS) PRODUCTION AT LAMJUNG, NEPAL

A field experiment was carried out at research field of Lamjung Campus, Nepal during September 2015 to February 2016 to assess the response of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) to different combination of nitrogenous fertilizer with Azotobacter. 6 treatment with 4 replications were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design. Phosphorous and potassium was applied full does in all the treatments with chemical fertilizer. It was recorded that the application of recommended doses of nitrogen along with the bio-fertilizer significantly increased morphological characters and yield as compared to other treatments. Besides, the stem diameter was non-significant to the different treatments. It was followed by the full dose of NPK without azotobacter and then 50% nitrogen with azotobacter, which was statistically at par with 25% nitrogen with azotobacter, followed by FYM + Azotobacter. Curd yield along with all the morphological characters were seen lowest in control. Cauliflower curd yield at recommended dose of nitrogen did not significantly differ with the curd yield recorded at half of recommended dose of nitrogen with azotobacter. The finding demonstrated a saving of 50% of nitrogen where it can be substituted with the application of bio-fertilizer to increase the yield and morphological character

Adenosquamous Carcinoma of Gallbladder with Unusual Prognosis: A Case Report

The adenosquamous carcinoma of the gallbladder is a rare variant accounting for only 1-4% of all primary gallbladder carcinoma. Regardless of the histological types, all gallbladder carcinomas have silent and rapid progression resulting in delayed diagnosis and poor prognosis. Even with medical and/or surgical interventions, the median survival of patients with adenosquamous carcinoma, one of the histological variants, is less than a year. However, we present a case of adenosquamous carcinoma with an unusually better prognosis. A 70-year-old female patient, after being diagnosed with gallbladder carcinoma was suggested for surgical resection but was lost to follow-up since then. Two years later, the patient presented and was managed with extended cholecystectomy. The slow progression and non-recurrence of the tumour during follow-up for two years after the surgery indicates a better prognosis in this case