Variable viscosity and thermophoresis effects on Darcy mixed convective heat and mass transfer past a porous wedge in the presence of chemical reaction

An analysis is presented to investigate the effect of thermophoresis particle deposition and variable viscosity on Darcy mixed convective heat and mass transfer of a viscous, incompressible fluid past a porous wedge in the presence of chemical reaction. The wall of the wedge is embedded in a uniform Darcian porous medium in order to allow for possible fluid wall suction or injection. The viscosity of the fluid is assumed to be a inverse linear function of temperature. The results are analyzed for the effect of different physical parameters, such as variable viscosity, magnetic, chemical reaction and thermophoresis parameters, on the flow, the heat and mass transfer characteristics

Impact of Thermal Stratification on Unsteady Hiemenz Non-Darcy Copper Nanofluid Flow over a Porous Wedge in the Presence of Magnetic Field Due to Solar Radiation (Green) Energy

Energy is an important input for economic development. Solar energy is created by light and heat which is emitted by the sun, in the form of electromagnetic radiation. Solar energy is the most readily and abundantly available source of green energy. Copper nanoparticle suspensions in the Cu-water have been proposed as a means to enhance solar collector efficiency through direct absorption of the incoming solar energy. Thermal stratification is the scientific term that describes the layering of bodies of water based copper nanofluid on their temperature. The aim of the present work is to investigate theoretically the effect of thermal stratification in the presence of magnetic field on unsteady Hiemenz non-Darcy flow and heat transfer of incompressible copper nanofluid along a porous wedge due to renewable (solar energy). It is of notable interest in this work to consider the similarity transformation is used for unsteady flow. Copper nanofluid flow past a porous wedge plays a dominant role on absorbs the incident solar radiation and transits it to the working fluid by convection. Keywords: Nanofluid; Porous wedge; Unsteady non-Darcy flow; Magnetic field; Thermal stratification; Solar energy radiation.

NeutroAlgebra of Neutrosophic Triplets using {Zn, x}

Smarandache in 2019 has generalized the algebraic structures to NeutroAlgebraic structures and AntiAlgebraic structures. In this paper, authors, for the first time, define the NeutroAlgebra of neutrosophic triplets group under usual+ and x, built using {Zn, x}, n a composite number, 5 \u3c n \u3c oo, which are not partial algebras. As idempotents in Zn alone are neutrals that contribute to neutrosophic triplets groups, we analyze them and build NeutroAlgebra of idempotents under usual + and x, which are not partial algebras. We prove in this paper the existence theorem for NeutroAlgebra of neutrosophic triplet groups. This proves the neutrals assocaited with neutrosophic triplet groups in { Zn, X} under product is a NeutroAlgebra of triplets. We also prove the non-existence theorem of NeutroAlgebra for neutrosophic triplets in case of Zn when n = 2p, 3p and 4p (for some primes p). Several open problems are proposed. Further, the NeutroAlgebras of extended neutrosophic triplet groups have been obtained

Larval rearing trials of the honeycomb grouper Epinephelus merra Bloch under laboratory conditions

Groupers being economically important food fishes are experimented widely for controlled breeding world over. In India, attempts were made on few species of the genus Epinephelus such as E. tauvina, E. malabaricus and E. polyphekadion at the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute and limited success was achieved. The present paper discusses on larval rearing trials of the honeycomb grouper E. merra up to juvenile stage. Larvae measuring 1.3 – 1.6 mm obtained from the captive spawning of broodstock of E. merra were used for the larval rearing studies. The feeding protocol, water exchange and larval rearing methods adopted are detailed. The larval mouth opening appeared on day 3 post-hatch. The larvae gradually metamorphosed into juvenile by day 60 and attained a size of 45 mm. The possible reasons for initial mortality, the advantage of HUFA rich feeding and effect of large volume of rearing tanks on the growth and survival of the larvae are discusse

Embryonic and larval development of honeycomb grouper Epinephelus merra Bloch

Spawning and successful rearing of larvae of honeycomb grouper Epinephelus merra Bloch 1793 upto juvenile stagewas accomplished at the ¢n¢sh hatchery of Mandapam Regional Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute during 2004. The fertilized eggs were free, spherical and buoyant with size ranging from 710 to 730 mm. Complete early embryonic development took place within 24^27 h and hatching occurred.The hatchlings measured1.5mm. Mouth opening (115 mm) appeared at 72 h when the larvae were 2.2mm in size. Pectoral ¢n developed on the ¢fth day. Complete metamorphosis took place and by the 60th day the larvae transformed into juveniles (45mm) and attained skin colouration and honeycomb pattern

Implementation of Fault-tolerant Quantum Logic Gates via Optimal Control

The implementation of fault-tolerant quantum gates on encoded logic qubits is considered. It is shown that transversal implementation of logic gates based on simple geometric control ideas is problematic for realistic physical systems suffering from imperfections such as qubit inhomogeneity or uncontrollable interactions between qubits. However, this problem can be overcome by formulating the task as an optimal control problem and designing efficient algorithms to solve it. In particular, we can find solutions that implement all of the elementary logic gates in a fixed amount of time with limited control resources for the five-qubit stabilizer code. Most importantly, logic gates that are extremely difficult to implement using conventional techniques even for ideal systems, such as the T-gate for the five-qubit stabilizer code, do not appear to pose a problem for optimal control.Comment: 18 pages, ioptex, many figure

Indian experience of large scale cultured marine pearl production using Pinctada fucata (Gould) from southeast coast of India: A critical review

In India, research on marine pearl culture was started in 1972 and the first cultured marine pearl from Pinctada fucata was rolled out a year later through the earnest efforts of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi (CMFRI) at its Tuticorin Research Centre. Subsequently, improvements of the technology were made by various scientists involved at different centres of CMFRI focussing on different issues of marine pearl culture. Information on different aspects of marine pearl culture such as surveys for stock position, ecology of pearl beds, small scale experimental culture of mother oysters, surgical nucleation and spherical pearl and designer pearl production (‘mabe’) has already been published in various sources including few instances of technology transfers to entrepreneurs/fisher folk. Though, the experimental results were encouraging, anticipated technology transfer did not take place subsequently. Hence a large scale marine pearl culture demonstration was carried out and viability of the technology was redemonstrated at the Regional centre of CMFRI, Mandapam Camp during 1997 - 2003 through an ICAR Revolving Fund Project which resulted in wealth of information regarding different aspects of marine pearl culture. In the present account, the lessons learnt based on the published information as well as the data (unpublished) obtained in the large scale culture are analysed and classified under the critical activities of pearl culture and presented in the form of a ‘non systematic critical review’ essentially to arrive at the status of marine pearl culture in India