Enhancement of Water Electrolyzer Efficiency

In this project, factors affecting efficiency of water electrolysis such as the electrolyte type, electrodes spacing, electrodes surface morphology (smooth or rough), electrodes effective area (or number of electrodes) and electrodes connection configuration were investigated. The efficiency was calculated as the ratio between the HHO flow rate measured experimentally to that measured theoretically from Faraday’s law. It is found that the best efficient electrolyzer consists of 22 plates (4 anodes, 4 cathodes and 14 neutrals) where each plate area was 17x15 cm2. When the 22 plates were connected in parallel and immersed in 20 g KOH/3L electrolyte, they produced HHO gas flow rate of 740 ml/min at 17 A and 62.92 % efficiency. Keywords: Energy, HHO, Hydrogen, Electrolysis, Efficiency, Environment

Improvement of Manure Adsorption Capacity for Cobalt Removal by Chemical Treatment with Citric Acid

This paper focuses on how the surface chemical groups of sheep manure affect the adsorption capacity of cobalt ions. Improvement in cobalt ions uptake onto sheep manure was achieved successfully by introducing more carboxylic functional groups into its surface due to citric acid treatment. According to Langmuir model, cobalt ions uptake was increased from 22.88 mg/g for dried sheep manure (D-SM) to 37.45 mg/g when D-SM was treated with 0.6 M citric acid (C-SM). Point of zero charge and cation exchange capacity were determined and found as 4.3 and 82 meq/100g for D-SM while it was found as 3.4 and 281 meq/100g for C-SM, respectively. The effects of process parameters such as solution pH, initial concentration of cobalt ions, contact time and concentration of citric acid on the uptake of cobalt ions were also investigated. Langmuir and Freundlich models were applied to the experimental data. Both models fitted quite well with the experimental data