Corporate Governance in Transitional Economies The Case of Code of Corporate Governance

The role of corporate governance is manifested in: creating value for the corporation and supporting transparency; protecting shareholders' rights and ensuring their equal treatment, acknowledging the interests of all entities that develop relationships with the company, assuming responsibility by the Board of Directors, integrity and ethical behaviour, transparency in implementing internal and external control systems to certify the validity of corporate financial reports. In this review which is a collection of volume of research on corporate governance the significance of effective corporate governance is being evident. The aim of the review done is to check the effectiveness of corporate governance through the code of corporate governance in some company. Corporate Governance is a broad term defines the methods, structure and the processes of a company in which the business and affairs of the company managed and directed. Corporate governance also enhances the long term shareholder value by the process of accountability of managers and by enhances the firm’s performance. It also eliminate the conflict of ownership and control by separately defines the interest of shareholders and managers. Corporate governance has come to the forefront of academic research due to the vital role it plays in the overall health of economic systems. The wave of U.S. corporate fraud in the 1990s was attributed to deficiencies in corporate governance. The recent 2008-2009 global financial crisis, triggered by the unprecedented failure of Lehman Brothers and the subprime mortgage problems, renewed interest in the role corporate governance plays in the financial sector. The development of a strong corporate governance framework is important to protect stakeholders, maintain investor confidence in the transition countries and attract foreign direct investment. Corporate governance concerns the design of decision-making structures relating to a firm's choice of new investment projects and the operation of its existing ones. In this paper we will se the process of implementation of code of corporate governance. The development of a strong corporate governance framework is important to protect stakeholders, maintain investor confidence in the transition countries and attract foreign direct investment. Corporate governance concerns the design of decision-making structures relating to a firm's choice of new investment projects and the operation of its existing ones. The purpose of this study is to contribute for Albanian state, central and Eastern Europe countries to understand the importance of the Code of corporate governance and its role in each organization. Keywords:corporate governance, agency theory, ownership, shareholders, managers, Code, etc

Piscataquis County Community Food Resources

Food resources found in Piscataquis County, Maine: Food banks Food pantries Food resources Additional resources Demographicshttps://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/fsp-piscataquis/1001/thumbnail.jp

The effects of rumen nitrogen balance on nutrient digestion, protein metabolism, and performance of dairy cows as influenced by diet composition

Feeding excess dietary crude protein (CP) beyond the requirements of dairy cattle and microbes in the rumen increases production costs for farmers, excretion of nitrogen (N) to the environment, and has negative effects on the cows health and reproductive performance. Researchers have been interested in exploring the effects that diets with negative rumen nitrogen balance (RNB) may have on the dairy cattle and their rumen function. Results so far have been inconsistent may be due to the performance level of the animal with high-yielding dairy cows being more sensitive than low performing ones. Moreover, it may be supposed that variable responses to negative RNB in different studies may at least partly be related to varying ingredient composition and the type of main carbohydrate or N sources in the animals diets. The overall objective of the thesis was to generate a comprehensive understanding on the effects of interactions between the RNB levels and carbohydrate and N sources in cattle diets on rumen fermentation, the efficiency of microbial CP synthesis, and on N use efficiency in vitro and in vivo. The results of the present thesis indicate that the effects of negative RNB levels may vary with dietary composition in dairy cows. Therefore, outlining a single minimum RNB balance threshold for dairy cattle diets may not be appropriate when optimizing N utilization in dairy cows, because several animal and dietary factors modify the requirements of rumen microbes.Die Fütterung von Rohprotein (XP) über den Bedarf von Milchrindern und deren Pansenmikroben hinaus führt zu steigenden Produktionskosten und Stickstoff (N)- Ausscheidungen und belasten somit die Gesundheit und Leistung der Milchkühe sowie die Umwelt. Zahlreiche Studien untersuchten bereits die Effekte negativer ruminale Stickstoffbilanz (RNB) in Rationen von Milchkühen. Deren Ergebnisse waren jedoch widersprüchlich, mit keinen oder negativen Effekte bei negativen RNB auf die Futteraufnahme, Nährstoffverdaulichkeit und Milchproduktion. Neben Unterschieden in der absoluten RNB und dem Leistungsniveau der Tiere, könnte ein Grund für die uneindeutigen Ergebnisse die verschiedenen Kohlenhydrat- und N-Quellen in den Rationen der Tiere sein. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war, die Effekte der Interaktionen zwischen unterschiedlichen ruminale Stickstoffbilanz (RNB) und Kohlenhydrat- oder Stickstoff (N) Quellen in den Rationen von Milchrindern auf die Pansenfermentation, die Effizienz der mikrobiellen Proteinsynthese und die N-Nutzungseffizienz in vitro and in vivo zu erlangen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Doktorarbeit zeigen, dass die Effekte einer negativen RNB auf Milchkühe mit der Zusammensetzung der Ration variieren können. Der Bedarf der Pansenmikroben wird durch unterschiedliche Tier- und FutterungsFaktoren beeinflusst. Daher ist die Definition eines einzigen Schwellenwert für die RNB in den Rationen von Milchrindern ungeeignet, insbesondere wenn die N-Nutzung der Tiere erhöht werden sollte

Development of the Attitudes Toward the Atypically Gendered Inventory (ATAG-I)

Thesis (PhD) - Indiana University, School of Education, 2008There are presumably two and only two kinds of people in the world: men and women. Above all else, male and female are seen as mutually exclusive, complementing but never overlapping, categories. Like much of the world, Western society rests on the assumption that all persons exist unambiguously as either man or woman. The foundation undergirding this work posits that the discrete categories of male and female fail to adequately describe that part of human experience referred to as sex and gender, evidenced by the existence of two naturally occurring challenges to this binary: the transgendered and the intersexed. The goal of this work was to develop a reliable and valid assessment of societal attitudes toward the atypically gendered. Construction of the ATAG-I involved five steps: 1) A list of potential items was composed via the domain-sampling method of instrument development based on content analysis of the relevant literature; 2) A retranslation task was conducted on a group of three atypically gendered participants; 3) A second retranslation task was conducted on a small group of naïve adults; 4) A test-retest analysis was conducted; 5) Data was collected on a large sample for reliability analyses and to gather evidence of content and construct validity. The result was a valid instrument that yielded highly reliable scores

The effects of rumen nitrogen balance on nutrient digestion, protein metabolism, and performance of dairy cows as influenced by diet composition

Feeding excess dietary crude protein (CP) beyond the requirements of dairy cattle and microbes in the rumen increases production costs for farmers, excretion of nitrogen (N) to the environment, and has negative effects on the cows health and reproductive performance. Researchers have been interested in exploring the effects that diets with negative rumen nitrogen balance (RNB) may have on the dairy cattle and their rumen function. Results so far have been inconsistent may be due to the performance level of the animal with high-yielding dairy cows being more sensitive than low performing ones. Moreover, it may be supposed that variable responses to negative RNB in different studies may at least partly be related to varying ingredient composition and the type of main carbohydrate or N sources in the animals diets. The overall objective of the thesis was to generate a comprehensive understanding on the effects of interactions between the RNB levels and carbohydrate and N sources in cattle diets on rumen fermentation, the efficiency of microbial CP synthesis, and on N use efficiency in vitro and in vivo. The results of the present thesis indicate that the effects of negative RNB levels may vary with dietary composition in dairy cows. Therefore, outlining a single minimum RNB balance threshold for dairy cattle diets may not be appropriate when optimizing N utilization in dairy cows, because several animal and dietary factors modify the requirements of rumen microbes.Die Fütterung von Rohprotein (XP) über den Bedarf von Milchrindern und deren Pansenmikroben hinaus führt zu steigenden Produktionskosten und Stickstoff (N)- Ausscheidungen und belasten somit die Gesundheit und Leistung der Milchkühe sowie die Umwelt. Zahlreiche Studien untersuchten bereits die Effekte negativer ruminale Stickstoffbilanz (RNB) in Rationen von Milchkühen. Deren Ergebnisse waren jedoch widersprüchlich, mit keinen oder negativen Effekte bei negativen RNB auf die Futteraufnahme, Nährstoffverdaulichkeit und Milchproduktion. Neben Unterschieden in der absoluten RNB und dem Leistungsniveau der Tiere, könnte ein Grund für die uneindeutigen Ergebnisse die verschiedenen Kohlenhydrat- und N-Quellen in den Rationen der Tiere sein. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war, die Effekte der Interaktionen zwischen unterschiedlichen ruminale Stickstoffbilanz (RNB) und Kohlenhydrat- oder Stickstoff (N) Quellen in den Rationen von Milchrindern auf die Pansenfermentation, die Effizienz der mikrobiellen Proteinsynthese und die N-Nutzungseffizienz in vitro and in vivo zu erlangen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Doktorarbeit zeigen, dass die Effekte einer negativen RNB auf Milchkühe mit der Zusammensetzung der Ration variieren können. Der Bedarf der Pansenmikroben wird durch unterschiedliche Tier- und FutterungsFaktoren beeinflusst. Daher ist die Definition eines einzigen Schwellenwert für die RNB in den Rationen von Milchrindern ungeeignet, insbesondere wenn die N-Nutzung der Tiere erhöht werden sollte

Ideoloogia rollist Hiina õigussüsteemi kujunemisel

http://www.ester.ee/record=b4377495~S1*es

Visible-to-NIR-Light Activated Release: From Small Molecules to Nanomaterials

Photoactivatable (alternatively, photoremovable, photoreleasable, or photocleavable) protecting groups (PPGs), also known as caged or photocaged compounds, are used to enable non-invasive spatiotemporal photochemical control over the release of species of interest. Recent years have seen the development of PPGs activatable by biologically and chemically benign visible and near-infrared (NIR) light. These long-wavelength-absorbing moieties expand the applicability of this powerful method and its accessibility to non-specialist users. This review comprehensively covers organic and transition metal-containing photoactivatable compounds (complexes) that absorb in the visible- and NIR-range to release various leaving groups and gasotransmitters (carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and hydrogen sulfide). The text also covers visible- and NIR-light-induced photosensitized release using molecular sensitizers, quantum dots, and upconversion and second-harmonic nanoparticles, as well as release via photodynamic (photooxygenation by singlet oxygen) and photothermal effects. Release from photo-activatable polymers, micelles, vesicles, and photoswitches, along with the related emerging field of photopharmacology, is discussed at the end of the review

Study the Spectral Properties of Coumarine -47 Dissolved in Chloroform

The spectral propetties (absorption and fluorescence) of Coumarine-47 laser dye have been studied. This type of laser dye belong the Coumarine family and it has dissolved in chloroform at different concentrations (1x10-5, 5x10-5, and 1x10-4 M) at room temperature. The achieved results have been pointed out to increase in the absorption and fluorescence as the concentration increased which are agreements with Beer – Lambert law. These have been also showed an expansion in the spectral range of absorption and fluorescence with a noticed shift in the direction of longer wavelength (Red-shift) with increasing concentration. The quantum efficiency of the dissolved C47 in chloroform has been computed by using the brevious concentrations and their results are as follows (69%, 63%, and 45%) respectively. The radiative and fluorescence lifetime have been also computed as given (6.47ns, 4.67ns, and 2.06ns) and (4,07ns, 3.22ns, and 1.47ns) respectively

Determination of Retinol, -Tocopherol, Lycopene, and -Carotene in Human Plasma Using HPLC with UV-Vis Detection: Application to a Clinical Study

A method is described here for the simultaneous determination of retinol, -tocopherol, lycopene, and -carotene in human plasma. e effectiveness of various protein precipitants and extraction solvents was tested. Aer adequate sample preparation, the samples were injected directly into the HPLC system. e separation was realized on an analytical reversed-phase column with a UV-Vis detection. e analytical performance of this method was satisfactory. e intraassay and interassay coefficients of variation were below 10%. e recoveries were as follows: 97.0% (CV 2.4%) for retinol, 94.6% (CV 1.7%) for -tocopherol, 91.9% (CV 3.6%) for lycopene, and 93.9% (CV 4.2%) for -carotene. e levels of selected fat-soluble vitamins in plasma of patients with cardiovascular disease were measured and discussed

Numerical Study on Influences of Barrier Arrangements on Dielectric Barrier Discharge Characteristics

A numerical study has been carried out to understand the influences of barrier arrangements on the discharge characteristics of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). A 1.5-dimensional modeling is considered in the arrangements of bare, single-barrier, and double-barrier electrodes while a 2-dimensional approach is employed in a configuration of ferroelectric packed discharge (FPD). Numerical simulations show that the evolution of microdischarges in DBD occurs sequentially in the three distinctive phases of avalanche, streamer, and decay, and that the dielectric barriers make streamer discharges stabilized and sustained in lowered electric fields without transition to spark compared with no barrier case. Especially, the highly non-uniform strong electric field effect created by the pellets appears to be formed in FPD, which enables the flue gas cleaning to be expected to enhance the decomposition efficiency