Effect of pre- and post-harvest treatments on yield, quality and post-harvest shelf life of king chilli (Capsicum chinense Jacquin) under foothill conditions of Nagaland (India)

Field and laboratory experiments were carried out at Medziphema (Nagaland) to evaluate the effect of pre- and post-harvest treatments on yield, quality and post-harvest life of King chilli (Capsicum chinense Jacquin) under foothill conditions of Nagaland. Highest fresh yield (13.65 t ha-1) and capsaicin content (819421.13 SHU) of fruits were recorded with application of Naphthalene Acetic Acid (40 ppm). Maximum vitamin C content (115.67 mg 100g-1 of fruit) was recorded with application of Ethrel 250 ppm. Lowest physiological loss in weight (2.55%) and change in fruit colour (10%), highest value of ascorbic acid content (120.5 mg 100 g-1 of fruit) and longest shelflife (9 days) were recorded at 9th day after storage in calcium chloride (0.5%) treated fruits, packed in non-perforated bags and stored under refrigeration at 5oC. &nbsp

Effect of pre- and post-harvest treatments on yield, quality and post-harvest shelf life of king chilli (Capsicum chinense Jacquin) under foothill conditions of Nagaland (India)

Field and laboratory experiments were carried out at Medziphema (Nagaland) to evaluate the effect of pre- and post-harvest treatments on yield, quality and post-harvest life of King chilli (Capsicum chinense Jacquin) under foothill conditions of Nagaland. Highest fresh yield (13.65 t ha-1) and capsaicin content (819421.13 SHU) of fruits were recorded with application of Naphthalene Acetic Acid (40 ppm). Maximum vitamin C content (115.67 mg 100g-1 of fruit) was recorded with application of Ethrel 250 ppm. Lowest physiological loss in weight (2.55%) and change in fruit colour (10%), highest value of ascorbic acid content (120.5 mg 100 g-1 of fruit) and longest shelflife (9 days) were recorded at 9th day after storage in calcium chloride (0.5%) treated fruits, packed in non-perforated bags and stored under refrigeration at 5oC. &nbsp

Direct microscopy versus sputum cytology analysis and bleach sedimentation for diagnosis of tuberculosis: a prospective diagnostic study.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Diagnostic options for pulmonary tuberculosis in resource-poor settings are commonly limited to smear microscopy. We investigated whether bleach concentration by sedimentation and sputum cytology analysis (SCA) increased the positivity rate of smear microscopy for smear-positive tuberculosis. METHODS: We did a prospective diagnostic study in a Medecins Sans Frontieres-supported hospital in Mindouli, Republic of Congo. Three sputum samples were obtained from 280 consecutive pulmonary tuberculosis suspects, and were processed according to WHO guidelines for direct smear microscopy. The remainder of each sputum sample was homogenised with 2.6% bleach, sedimented overnight, smeared, and examined blinded to the direct smear result for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). All direct smears were assessed for quality by SCA. If a patient produced fewer than three good-quality sputum samples, further samples were requested. Sediment smear examination was performed independently of SCA result on the corresponding direct smear. Positivity rates were compared using McNemar's test. RESULTS: Excluding SCA, 43.2% of all patients were diagnosed as positive on direct microscopy of up to three samples. 47.9% were diagnosed on sediment microscopy, with 48.2% being diagnosed on direct microscopy, sediment microscopy, or both. The positivity rate increased from 43.2% to 47.9% with a case definition of one positive smear ([greater than or equal to]1 AFB/100 high power fields) of three, and from 42.1% to 43.9% with two positive smears. SCA resulted in 87.9% of patients producing at least two good-quality sputum samples, with 75.7% producing three or more. Using a case definition of one positive smear, the incremental yield of bleach sedimentation was 14/121, or 11.6% (95% CI 6.5-18.6, p=0.001) and in combination with SCA was 15/121, or 12.4% (95% CI 7.1-19.6, p=0.002). Incremental yields with two positive smears were 5/118, or 4.2% (95% CI 1.4-9.6, p=0.062) and 7/118, or 5.9% (95% CI 2.4-11.8, p=0.016), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of bleach sedimentation and SCA resulted in significantly increased microscopy positivity rates with a case definition of either one or two positive smears. Implementation of bleach sedimentation led to a significant increase in the diagnosis of smear-positive patients. Implementation of SCA did not result in significantly increased diagnosis of tuberculosis, but did result in improved sample quality. Requesting extra sputum samples based on SCA results, combined with bleach sedimentation, could significantly increase the detection of smear-positive patients if routinely implemented in resource-limited settings where gold standard techniques are not available. We recommend that a pilot phase is undertaken before routine implementation to determine the impact in a particular context

CURATION AND MANAGEMENT OF CULTURAL HERITAGE THROUGH LIBRARIES

Libraries, museums and archives hold valuable collections in a variety of media, presenting a vast body of knowledge rooted in the history of human civilisation. These form the repository of the wisdom of great works by thinkers of past and the present. The holdings of these institutions are priceless heritage of the mankind as they preserve documents, ideas, and the oral and written records. To value the cultural heritage and to care for it as a treasure bequeathed to us by our ancestors is the major responsibility of libraries. The past records constitute a natural resource and are indispensable to the present generation as well as to the generations to come. Libraries preserve the documentary heritage resources for which they are primarily responsible. Any loss of such materials is simply irreplaceable. Therefore, preserving this intellectual, cultural heritage becomes not only the academic commitment but also the moral responsibility of the librarians/information scientists, who are in charge of these repositories. The high quality of the papers and the discussion represent the thinking and experience of experts in their particular fields. The contributed papers also relate to the methodology used in libraries in Asia to provide access to manuscripts and cultural heritage. The volume discusses best practices in Knowledge preservation and how to collaborate and preserve the culture. The book also deals with manuscript and archives issues in the digital era. The approach of this book is concise, comprehensively, covering all major aspects of preservation and conservation through libraries. The readership of the book is not just limited to library and information science professionals, but also for those involved in conservation, preservation, restoration or other related disciplines. The book will be useful for librarians, archivists and conservators. We thank the Sunan Kalijaga University, Special Libraries Association- Asian Chapter for their trust and their constant support, all the contributors for their submissions, the members of the Local and International Committee for their reviewing effort for making this publication possible

Synthesis and evaluation of 2-ethynyl-adenosine-5′-triphosphate as a chemical reporter for protein AMPylation

Protein AMPylation is a posttranslational modification (PTM) defined as the transfer of an adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to a hydroxyl side-chain of a protein substrate. One recently reported AMPylator enzyme, Vibrio outer protein S (VopS), plays a role in pathogenesis by AMPylation of Rho GTPases, which disrupts crucial signaling pathways, leading to eventual cell death. Given the resurgent interest in this modification, there is a critical need for chemical tools that better facilitate the study of AMPylation and the enzymes responsible for this modification. Herein we report the synthesis of 2-ethynyl-adenosine-5′-triphosphate (2eATP) and its utilization as a non-radioactive chemical reporter for protein AMPylation

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Orally disintegrating tablets containing melt extruded amorphous solid dispersion of tacrolimus for dissolution enhancement

10.3390/pharmaceutics10010035Pharmaceutics1013

Formulation design, preparation and physicochemical characterizations of solid lipid nanoparticles containing a hydrophobic drug: Effects of process variables

10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.07.036Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces881483-489CSBB