Subclinical Hearing Loss, Longer Sleep Duration, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Japanese General Population

Hearing loss leads to impaired social functioning and quality of life. Hearing loss is also associated with sleeping disorders and cardiometabolic risk factors. Here, we determined whether subclinical hearing loss is associated with sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk factors in a cross-sectional and longitudinal study of healthy Japanese general population. 48,091 men and women aged 20–79 years who underwent medical checkups were included in a cross-sectional study, and 6,674 were included in an 8-year longitudinal study. The prevalence of audiometrically determined hearing loss (>25 dB) at 4000 and 1000 Hz increased significantly with increasing sleep duration in any age strata. Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with reference sleep duration (6 h) longer sleep duration (≥8 h) was significantly associated with hearing loss, even after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Simultaneously, hearing loss was significantly associated with male sex, diabetes, and no habitual exercise. In the longitudinal study, the risk of longer sleep duration (≥8 h) after 8 years was significantly greater in subjects with hearing loss at 4000 Hz at baseline. In conclusion, current results suggest a potential association of subclinical hearing loss with longer sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk factors in a Japanese general population

無散瞳眼底カメラによる高齢者の眼底検査に関する研究

Many countries are experiencing an increase in the average age of the adult population. This has serious implications for the health of the people and it is important to consider the physiological changes and diseases associated with age. A majour disease related to age is hypertension, a disease connected to lifestyles, which has steadily increased. In order to check whether the circulatory organs were functioning properly.a measurement of blood pressure was usually used. In this study we substituted the funduscopy for blood pressure. Funduscopy using a non mydriasis retinal camera is easy and useful to check the function of circulatory organs. The subjects were residents of Yoshimi, Saitama prefecture, who visited Arakawa-so, and who were aged from 60 to 80 years old. Twenty-nine healthy subjects, 6 were in their 60\u27s, with the remaining 23 being in their 70\u27s do some work on their own farms. In the subjects, approximately 45% showed signs of abnormal retina. Compared with retina measured in the health examinations of aging subjects working in a factory, the residents showed signs of abnormality in greater proportion. This abnormality enabled us to infer the disorder in circulatory organs of aging workers in Yoshimi

Unexpected association between subclinical hearing loss and restorative sleep in a middle-aged and elderly Japanese population

Abstract Objective Hearing loss may be associated with certain sleep abnormalities. We recently reported that subclinical hearing loss (SHL) was more prevalent in individuals in a broad Japanese population who slept longer than 8 h; however, the underlying mechanism was unknown. Therefore, we investigated the association between SHL and self-reported restorative sleep (RS), assessed by questionnaire, in a database of 33,888 Japanese aged 40–69 years without overt or diagnosed hearing loss (20,225 men, 13,663 women). Results The proportion of individuals with RS (more than half of the subjects) was significantly higher in the group with bilateral than with unilateral SHL at 4000 Hz and intact hearing; however, that was not the case at 1000 Hz, independent of age (P < 0.0001, two-way analysis of variance). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that bilateral SHL at 4000 Hz, but not at 1000 Hz, was significantly associated with RS. This relationship was independent of potential relevant confounders, including age, sex, and cardiometabolic risk factors. The present study extends our earlier work by revealing an unexpected association between early hearing impairment and satisfactory sleep in a middle-aged and elderly population. This association requires further confirmation regarding the possible underlying mechanism and clinical relevance

Potential Association between Breakfast Skipping and Concomitant Late-Night-Dinner Eating with Metabolic Syndrome and Proteinuria in the Japanese Population

Skipping breakfast is considered to be an unhealthy eating habit linked to predispositions to obesity and type 2 diabetes. Because eating dinner late at night can elicit subsequent breakfast skipping, we investigated if skipping breakfast concomitant with late-night-dinner eating (LNDE) was associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and proteinuria in the general Japanese population. We examined self-reported habitual breakfast skipping and LNDE, MetS (modified ATP-III criteria), and proteinuria in a cross-sectional study of 60,800 Japanese adults aged 20–75 years. A total of 14,068 subjects (23.1%) skipped breakfast, of whom approximately half (52.8%) skipped breakfast alone (without LNDE). The percentages of subjects who skipped breakfast showed a J-shaped relationship with body mass index (BMI). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that skipping breakfast concomitant with LNDE (n = 6,645) was significantly associated with MetS and proteinuria, even after adjusting for relevant confounders (odds ratio (95% CI), 1.17 (1.08–1.28), P=0.0003, and 1.37 (1.24–1.52), P<0.0001, resp.). Skipping breakfast alone and LNDE alone were not associated with MetS and proteinuria, respectively. In conclusion, habitual breakfast skipping concomitant with LNDE may represent poorer eating behavior than skipping breakfast alone, associated with MetS, asymptomatic proteinuria, obesity, and low body weight in the general Japanese population

Asymptomatic trace and overt proteinuria in high- and lowbody weight individuals: A preliminary report of communitybased epidemiological study

Background: Overt proteinuria (OP), an established risk factor for kidney and cardiovascular disease, is much prevalent in high and low body weight individuals. Objectives: However, it is equivocal whether trace proteinuria (TrP) is also associated with high and low body weight. Therefore, we address this issue in a large epidemiological study. Patients and Methods: Regarding this association, we examined TrP defined as ± by dipstick urinalysis, in comparison with OP (≥+1) using the data of 70 886 apparently healthy Japanese men and women who underwent a checkup in 2008, aged 20-85 years old. Results: The prevalence of TrP, which was slightly but significantly higher (4.1%) on average compared with OP (3.1%), showed a J-shaped relationship against body mass index (BMI). Logistic regression analysis showed that compared to BMI of 21.0-22.9 kg/m2 , other BMI categories except BMI of 19.0–20.9 kg/m2 were significantly associated with TrP, which were not altered after adjustment for relevant confounding factors including age, sex, and pharmacotherapies for hypertension and diabetes. Unlike TrP, OP was not significantly associated with BMI of 23.0–24.9 kg/m2 , a high-normal body weight, although similar trends were observed in the overall relationship between BMI categories and OP. Conclusions: Current study suggests that TrP is also associated with high and low body weight, seemingly like OP. However, the degree and pattern of associations of TrP with BMI may differ from those of OP. Further study is required particularly in terms of fundamental clinical relevance of TrP

Effects of Weight Loss Speed on Kidney Function Differ Depending on Body Mass Index in Nondiabetic Healthy People: A Prospective Cohort.

Obesity is associated with diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. However, it has been reported that weight loss is associated with incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) in healthy males. The purpose of this prospective cohort study is to investigate the effects of weight loss on kidney function in healthy people in terms of body mass index (BMI) and gender.A total of 8447 nondiabetic healthy people were enrolled in the Saitama Cardiometabolic Disease and Organ Impairment Study, Japan. Relationships between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) change, BMI, and BMI change were evaluated using 3D-scatter plots with spline and generalized additive models (GAMs) adjusted for baseline characteristics.The subjects were stratified into four groups according to BMI. The mean±standard deviations for males and females were, respectively, 40.11±9.49, and 40.3±9.71 years for age and 76.39±17.72 and 71.49±18.4 ml/min/1.73m2 for eGFR. GAMs showed that a decreasing BMI change (<-1 kg/m2/year) was associated with a decreasing eGFR change in males with high normal BMIs (22 kg/m2≤BMI<25 kg/m2). A decreasing BMI change (<-2 kg/m2/year) was associated with an increasing eGFR change in overweight males (25 kg/m2≤BMI). Among underweight females (BMI<18.5 kg/m2), decreasing BMI was observed with decreasing eGFR.These findings suggest that the benefit and risk of weight loss in relation to kidney function differs depending on BMI and weight loss speed, especially in males

Uric acid level has a U-shaped association with loss of kidney function in healthy people: a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND:The relationship between hyperuricemia and chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been found in various observational studies. Although hypouricemia is associated with cardiovascular events, it has not been established as a risk factor for CKD. We investigated the relationship between serum uric acid level and the loss of kidney function and incident CKD in healthy people. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Healthy people were enrolled in this community-based prospective cohort study, the Saitama Cardiometabolic Disease and Organ Impairment Study, Japan. The analysis was conducted on 4188 subjects followed up for at least 3 years, 3102 for 6 years and 1052 for 9 years. Their data including glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline were examined every three years. The outcome event was incident CKD or the decrease in eGFR by more than 25% in three years. Multivariate statistical models were adjusted for the baseline characteristics. RESULTS:The following data was obtained: mean ± SD age, male, 39.6 ± 10.4 years, female 38.4 ± 10.8 years; eGFR, male, 81.9 ± 16.4 ml/min/1.73 m2, female, 82.1 ± 17.5 ml/min/1.73 m2; serum uric acid level, male, 5.8 ± 1.2 mg/dl, female, 4.1 ± 0.9 mg/dl. Both low and high serum uric acid levels were associated with the outcome and eGFR decline in males (multivariate logistic additional additive models, linear p = 0.0001, spline p = 0.043; generalized additive models, linear p = 0.0001, spline p = 0.012). In subjects with low serum uric acid levels (male, <5 mg/dl; female, <3.6 mg/dl), multivariate linear mixed models showed that low serum uric acid levels were associated with eGFR decline in a time-dependent manner (male, p = 0.0001; female, p = 0.045). CONCLUSION:This study showed that low as well as high levels of uric acid are associated with the loss of kidney function. Hypouricemia is a candidate predictor of kidney function decline in healthy people

MOESM1 of Unexpected association between subclinical hearing loss and restorative sleep in a middle-aged and elderly Japanese population

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Proportion of subjects with RS categorized every 5 years. The small vertical bars represent the standard error with RS numbered as 1 and non-RS as 0. The proportion of subjects with RS significantly rose with increasing SHL in subjects aged 60–64 years (P = 0.001, one-way ANOVA). RS restorative sleep

MOESM3 of Unexpected association between subclinical hearing loss and restorative sleep in a middle-aged and elderly Japanese population

Additional file 3: Figure S1. Proportion of subjects with RS aged 20–79 years. The small vertical bars represent the standard error with RS numbered as 1 and non-RS as 0. The statistical results and numbers of subjects aged 40–69 years are the same as in Fig. 1 and not indicated. The data of SHL were unavailable in 165 subjects aged 70–79 years. RS, restorative sleep

MOESM2 of Unexpected association between subclinical hearing loss and restorative sleep in a middle-aged and elderly Japanese population

Additional file 2: Figure S1. Average age. The small vertical bars represent the standard error. The average age significantly rose with increasing SHL in all age-groups (all P < 0.0001, one-way ANOVA). RS restorative sleep