An Investigation of the Speech Skills of Children Living in Rural and Urban Areas

Communication is vital for children’s development, especially in differentiating rural and urban speech skills. The aim of this study is to investigate the speech skills of children living in rural and urban areas. The speech skills of 72 students attending the 8th grade in rural and urban areas of Iskenderun in the 2020-2021 academic year were examined. In the study designed with the screening model, the data were collected with a structured observation form. The video recordings of the speeches made by the students on the topic of “human and nature” according to their levels were taken and evaluated according to the “Speech Evaluation Form”.  The results of the present research revealed that the highest average scores of the students belonged to the sub-dimensions of applying the external structural elements of the language, applying the internal structural elements of the language and the psychological state of the speaker. In addition, it was determined that the students’ speech skills were at a moderate level, whereas their ability to briefly introduce the parts of the speech, to start the topic with interesting expressions, to use appropriate tools such as pictures, graphs and photographs that can make the speech interesting, to use proverbs, idioms and aphorisms suitable for the topic, to benefit from literary devices suitable for the topic and to summarize the speech were very low. Urban students demonstrated comparatively stronger speech skills, highlighting the value of targeted improvements in communication education

The usage opportunities of geographical ındications on rural tourism

Coğrafi işaretler belirli bir bölgeden kaynaklanan bir ürünü tanımlayan ya da kalitesi, ünü veya diğer karakteristik özellikleri bakımından coğrafi kaynağına atfedilen, bir bölgeyi temsil eden sınaî mülkiyet hakkıdır. Kullandıkları ürünlerin kökenini belirtme fonksiyonu dolayısıyla markaların ilk hali olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır ve coğrafi kökeninden dolayı önem kazanan ürünleri ayırt etmek için kullanılmışlardır. Ürünlerin ayırt edici özelliklerinden yararlanılarak elde edilen hak özellikle yerel ekonomilerin canlanmasında potansiyel oluşturmaktadır. Bu canlanmada coğrafi işaretler özellikle kırsal turizm açısından değerlendirildiğinde gastronomi turizmi, eko-turizm, kültür turizmi gibi kavramlar ile birlikte kırsal alanlar için yeni fırsatları ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Türkiye’nin sosyal ve ekonomik yapısı içerisinde kırsal alanlar önemli bir ağırlığa sahiptir. Avrupa Birliği’nde kırsal alanların yaşam kalitesinin arttırılması ve bu sayede kırsal alanlarda dönüşümün sağlanmasında yöresel ürünler etkili bir araç olmuştur. Türkiye yöresel ürünler bakımından zengin bir ülkedir. Yerel bir kalkınma dinamiği olarak yöresel ürünlerin harekete geçirilmesi kırsal kalkınma için bir strateji oluşturmakta ve bu stratejide kırsal turizm önemli bir araç olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de coğrafi işaretlerin kırsal turizm açısından nasıl değerlendirilmesi gerektiği ulusal ve uluslararası alanda yapılan çalışmalar ve örnekler ile değerlendirilmeye çalışılmış ve coğrafi işaretlere dayalı kırsal turizm modeli için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.Geographical Indication is an industrial law property right and marks a product with a distinctive quality, fame or other features and identified with a district, area, region or country of its origin. It is coming upon as the first state of the marks because of pointing of the products origin and it has been used to distinguish products by geographical origins. This property right is a potential to be enlivened of local economy. When geographical indication are evaluated in terms of rural tourism in this recovery, geographical indication reveals new opportunities for the rural areas with the concepts of gastronomy tourism, eco-tourism, cultural tourism. The rural areas have significant weight on Turkey’s social and economic structure. The local foods have been an effective tool that increasing the quality of rural life and thus rural transformation of the European Union. Turkey is a rich country in respect of local foods. The activation of local foods as a local development dynamic is forming a rural development strategy and rural tourism is an important tool for this strategy. In this study, we evaluated the geographical indications how to use in rural tourism with national and international studies and cases, and made recommendations rural tourism model based to the geographical indication

Coupling socioeconomic factors and cultural practices in production of einkorn and emmer wheat species in Turkey

Wheat, a basic food source in Turkey and the world, provides calories, protein, and energy to many people. Wheat has evolved from primarily domesticated hulled wheats. Of them, einkorn (Triticum monococcumssp.monococcum) (EIW) and emmer (Triticum dicoccon) (EMW), with their cultural heritages from the past until the present, are popular ones, and they are still grown in patches across Turkey. In this study, the main material consists of the data obtained through a questionnaire with 53 emmer- and einkorn-related people-producers, sellers, etc., from five largely einkorn- and emmer-growing provinces (Bolu, Kastamonu, Karabuk, Sinop, and Samsun) in the western Black sea region. The main aim was to determine the valuation and usage of einkorn and emmer in the survey area. While 78.0% of the farmers were producing einkorn, 22.0% of them were producing emmer wheat. Most of the farmers (86.0%) did not sell or trade hulled wheat because of the difficulties in harvesting and processing. There is no perfect market to sell them and find the quality seed to produce again. Because of these, einkorn and emmer are being produced by the farmers as in subsistence farming (traditional type) and being valued by using traditional home consumption techniques. The popularity of einkorn and emmer wheats is increasing, and health concerns of the public are accelerating interest in them. Therefore, increased acreage should be devoted to these wheats in Turkey to meet predicted market deman

Errors in Case Markers Made by Syrian Students Who Learn Turkish in Temporary Education Center

The purpose of this study is to determine the errors in case markers in the texts formed by Syrian students, who learn Turkish as a foreign language. The study group of this research, which is designed as a case study, comprises of a total of 60 Syrian students in A1 and A2 level, studying in the temporary education center of Al-Nassaj, which is affiliated with the district of Antakya, Hatay. The determination of the levels of the students was based on the description of the linguistic competences proposed by The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). A placement test was administered to the students in line with the description proposed by the CEFR, and a total of 30 students in A1 and 30 students in A2 were included to the study. A personal information form as well as writing forms, which had been developed by the researchers, were employed in the data collection. The analysis of the data obtained from the writing forms was performed through descriptive analysis method. An evaluation meeting was held with a faculty member specialized in the field of Turkish education in order to ensure the reliability of the data, and a consensus has been reached on the data.The study revealed that in terms of the total number of words used by the students, the students in A1 made 8 errors in case markers for each 100 words whereas those in A2 made 9.3 errors in case markers for each 100 words. It is remarkable that the students in A1 made the most errors in the genitive case markers whereas those in A2 made the most errors in locative case markers. There was no error in the ablative case markers in the texts produced by the students in A1. The study further found that the number of such errors made by the students in A2 was very low

Evaluation of The Factors Affecting the Benefiting Level from The Young Farmers Project Support in TR 71 Region of Turkey

In Turkey, various agricultural support policies were applied some time to increase the production, sometimes to reduce the over-production and to compensate the production. However, these policies have not been fully attained since they have been implemented without first solving the major structural problems of agriculture. Parallel to developments in the world's countries, entrepreneurship needs to be embraced by the young population and young entrepreneurs must be supported. Turkey attaches great importance to the supports in recent years regarding the determination of entrepreneurial individuals, and the promotion of entrepreneurship. For this purpose, in order to support young people in the agriculture sector, "Young Farmer Projects Support (YFPS)" was added to the "National Agricultural Project" in 2016. This support policy aims to encourage young farmers to stay in agriculture by supporting young farmers and to prevent migration from the village to the city. In this context, a survey has been carried out in the TR 71 Region of Turkey (Aksaray, Kırıkkale, Kırşehir, Nevsehir and Nigde provinces), and a total of 248 young farmers (139 supported, and 109 non-supported) were interviewed. The logit model was used in the analysis of the data. According to Logit model results, the factors such as gender, marital status, farming situation of young farmer, farming situation of young farmer’s family, residence population, social security status, agricultural education certificate status and ownership of property which are influencing on individuals benefiting from young farmer support were found statistically significant

The influence of user mobility in mobile virus propagation: An enterprise mobile security perspective

In this paper, the authors review the usage of mobile devices in the enterprise and also the major impact from the infected mobile devices.Then the authors highlight the virus threat to enterprise mobile security and how critical the problems are.The authors then discuss the mobile virus infection dynamics which are the Bluetooth infections, mobile emails infections and mobile internet infections which are the threats to the enterprise mobile security. Then the authors discuss on the influences of user mobility issue in spreading mobile viruses before concluded this article

WOMD-LiDAR: Raw Sensor Dataset Benchmark for Motion Forecasting

Widely adopted motion forecasting datasets substitute the observed sensory inputs with higher-level abstractions such as 3D boxes and polylines. These sparse shapes are inferred through annotating the original scenes with perception systems' predictions. Such intermediate representations tie the quality of the motion forecasting models to the performance of computer vision models. Moreover, the human-designed explicit interfaces between perception and motion forecasting typically pass only a subset of the semantic information present in the original sensory input. To study the effect of these modular approaches, design new paradigms that mitigate these limitations, and accelerate the development of end-to-end motion forecasting models, we augment the Waymo Open Motion Dataset (WOMD) with large-scale, high-quality, diverse LiDAR data for the motion forecasting task. The new augmented dataset WOMD-LiDAR consists of over 100,000 scenes that each spans 20 seconds, consisting of well-synchronized and calibrated high quality LiDAR point clouds captured across a range of urban and suburban geographies (https://waymo.com/open/data/motion/). Compared to Waymo Open Dataset (WOD), WOMD-LiDAR dataset contains 100x more scenes. Furthermore, we integrate the LiDAR data into the motion forecasting model training and provide a strong baseline. Experiments show that the LiDAR data brings improvement in the motion forecasting task. We hope that WOMD-LiDAR will provide new opportunities for boosting end-to-end motion forecasting models.Comment: Dataset website: https://waymo.com/open/data/motion

2013 KPSS Sonuçlarının Öğretmen Adaylarının Mezun Oldukları Alanlara Göre İncelenmesi

The incentive behind this study is to compare the KPSS 2013 test scores in terms of the achievement by teacher candidates graduating from education faculties, the major source for teaching profession, and by those who graduated from other faculties. In line with this objective, the research was carried out on ten fields, both graduates of education faculties and other faculties who took the test and are appointed to the teaching posts (Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics, History, Geography, Turkish Language and Literature, English, German, Theology and Ethics) via teaching-field proficiency test. Within this context, the study was conducted by analyzing the KPSS test scores of 94.625 candidate teachers. The findings have revealed that teacher candidates of faculties of education are significantly successful in nine fields. The findings of the study are expected to contribute markedly to the teacher education and employment in Turkey.Bu çalışmanın amacı, öğretmenlik mesleğine kaynak teşkil eden eğitim fakülteleri ile diğer fakülte mezunlarının 2013 Kamu Personeli Seçme Sınavı’ndaki (KPSS) başarı durumlarını karşılaştırmaktır. Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda, öğretmenlik alan bilgisi testi yapılan ve hem eğitim fakültelerinden hem de fen edebiyat fakülteleri başta olmak üzere diğer fakültelerden mezun adaylardan öğretmen ataması yapılan on branş (Fizik, Kimya, Biyoloji, Matematik, Tarih, Coğrafya, Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı, İngilizce, Almanca, Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi) üzerinde araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda söz konusu branşlarda sınava giren 94.625 adayın KPSS başarı puanı incelenmiştir. Araştırma neticesinde dokuz branşta eğitim fakültesi mezunu adayların diğer fakülte mezunu adaylara göre daha başarılı oldukları sonucuna varılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarının Türkiye’nin öğretmen yetiştirme ve istihdam politikalarına ciddi katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir

Orta Anadolu Bölgesinde Organik Kiraz Üretiminde Hastalık, Zararlı ve Yabancı Otların Mücadelesinin Yönetimi

Proje 2003-2005 yılları arasında Isparta (Eğirdir) ve Konya (Akşehir) illerinde yürütülmüştür. Organik ve entegre mücadele uygulamaları yapılan kiraz bahçelerinde mevcut hastalık, zararlı ve yabancı otların tespiti ve mücadelesi, doğal düşmanların tür ve yoğunlukları, toprak ve yaprak analizleri, meyve analizleri ve ekonomik analizler yapılmıştır. Kiraz Zararlılarının Mücadelesinin Yönetiminde bahçelerdeki zararlı ve yararlı türleri ve yoğunluklarını belirlemek amacıyla dal sayım yöntemi, gözle inceleme yöntemi, darbe yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Kiraz Hastalıklarının Mücadelesinin Yönetiminde hastalık etmenlerini saptamak amacıyla hastalık belirtisi gösteren meyve, dal, yaprak ve sürgünlerden örnek alınarak izolasyonu yapılmıştır. Yabancı ot Mücadelesinin Yönetiminde bahçelerdeki yabancı otların türleri saptanmıştır. Hastalık, zararlı ve yabancı otların mücadelesi, organik tarım bahçelerinde organik tarım yöntemlerine, entegre mücadele bahçelerinde entegre mücadele yöntemlerine uygun olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmaların yapıldığı bahçelerden toprak ve yaprak örnekleri alınarak, analizleri yapılmış ve besin eksikliği belirlenmiştir. Pomolojik analizler ve ekonomik analizler yapılmıştır. ETKO Organik Tarım Kontrol ve Sertifikasyon kuruluşu uzmanları tarafından organik tarım uygulaması yapılan bahçeler denetlenmiş olup, her iki bahçeye de 2004-2005 yıllarında Organik Tarım Sertifikası verilmiştir

Instant determination of the artemisinin from various Artemisia annua L. extracts by LC-ESI-MS/MS and their in-silico modelling and in vitro antiviral activity studies against SARS-CoV-2

Introduction Numerous efforts in natural product drug development are reported for the treatment of Coronavirus. Based on the literature, among these natural plants Artemisia annua L. shows some promise for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Objective The main objective of our study was to determine artemisinin content by liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS), to investigate the in vitro biological activity of artemisinin from the A. annua plants grown in Turkey with various extracted methods, to elaborate in silico activity against SARS-CoV-2 using molecular modelling. Methodology Twenty-one different extractions were applied. Direct and sequential extractions studies were compared with ultrasonic assisted maceration, Soxhlet, and ultra-rapid determined artemisinin active molecules by LC-ESI-MS/MS methods. The inhibition of spike protein and main protease (3CL) enzyme activity of SARS-CoV-2 virus was assessed by time resolved fluorescence energy transfer (TR-FRET) assay. Results Artemisinin content in the range 0.062-0.066%. Artemisinin showed significant inhibition of 3CL protease activity but not Spike/ACE-2 binding. The 50% effective concentration (EC50) of artemisinin against SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudovirus was found greater than 50 mu M (EC45) in HEK293T cell line whereas the cell viability was 94% of the control (P < 0.01). The immunosuppressive effects of artemisinin on TNF-alpha production on both pseudovirus and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced THP-1 cells were found significant in a dose dependent manner. Conclusion Further studies of these extracts for COVID-19 treatment will shed light to seek alternative treatment options. Moreover, these natural extracts can be used as an additional treatment option with medicines, as well as prophylactic use can be very beneficial for patients