Electrocatalytic Response of Dopamine at a Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Ferrocene

Carbon paste electrodes modified by ferrocene (Fc) were used for electrocatalytic oxidation and determination of dopamine. The modified carbon paste electrode shows excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of dopamine (DA) in a phosphate buffer solution (pH = 6.0). A anodic oxidation of DA (in pH = 6.0) at the Fc-modified carbon paste electrode occurred at low overpotential (0.18 V vs. Ag ‌ AgCl), and treatment of the voltammetric data showed that it was a purely diffusion-controlled reaction with the involvement of one electron in the rate-determining step. The mechanism for the interaction of DA at the Fc modified CPE is proposed. The rate constant k\u27, transfer coefficient α for the catalytic reaction and the diffusion coefficient of DA in the solution, D, were found to be 6.92×10–2 cm s–1, 0.71 and 1.41×10−5 cm2 s−1, respectively. The interference of ascorbic acid was investigated and greatly reduced using sodium tetraphenylborate incorporated modified carbon paste electrodes.</p

Study Ecotourism Development of Deserts in Semnan province

Today, details of tourist areas, wilderness areas, and wilderness entitled to be placed in a subdirectory of Ecotourism. In fact, development of desert Ecotourism provides benefits such as the following. Desert Ecotourism helps creating a sustainable employment for the local people, prepares the ground for macro planning and increases gross internal production as well as preserves valuable plant and animal species, cultural heritage and stabilizes local societies at the macro levels. The prosperity of desert Ecotourism not only results in economic output for broad spectrum of the country which has no productive, agricultural and industrial competitive capabilities, but also it revives some of the forgotten traditional customs, such as camel driving, and helps to improvement of quality of life of communities. The descriptive method of research -analysis based on field identification of wilderness guides and self-help literature studies have been conducted in the semnan province. This paper, however, focuses on providing the profiles of the natural attractions of Semnan province desert Ecotourism, as empirical cases from Iran are limited Desert belt charms with a rare and amazing sight. Semnan province has everything for every age group of tourists. The tourist can visit the state with the purpose of knowledge, enjoyment, relaxation, medical, wedding, adventure, sports, cultural, pilgrimage and now a days with the purpose of MICE and literacy tourism. The paper is an attempt to find out the satisfaction level of Foreign and Domestic Tourists who have visited Semnan. In this study we tried to plan to develop tourism in the deserts of Semnan Province using SWOT first, strengths and weaknesses of the problem comes with opportunities and threats, external review, analysis and the recommendations essential to exploit the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats and reduce awareness of the problems, solutions to overcome them is presented. Can cause some programs and strategies to solve immediate problems, but according to the planned separation of these categories, especially those not Subject of urban planning can be a step towards reducing the problems in this area harvest

Stressors in Dental Students During the Transition from Theory to Practice: A Qualitative Research

Dentistry is one of the most challenging, demanding, and stressful fields of study. Dental students are expected to acquire various skills, including academic, clinical, and interpersonal skills. This study aimed to investigate the stressors in students during the transition from theory to practice through qualitative research methods and ultimately improve curricula used for learning. This cross-sectional study was performed on fourth to sixth year students of Kerman Dental School through interviews. Interviews related to the experienced clinical stress and challenges and experiences in the clinical environment were conducted with 40 students (16 males and 24 females) who were randomly included in the study and the participants' statements were recorded with their consent. The interview continued until the stage of information saturation and at the end it was confirmed by the participants in the study. Qualitative data were analyzed based on content analysis and then the data were classified. In this study, 8 people were in the fourth year, 16 people were in the fifth year and 16 people were in the sixth year. According to the statements and experiences of students, stressors such as reprimand and lack of time were the most common causes of clinical stress. Other factors, such as professors' attitudes and infection control, also had a significant effect on stress. Patient related factors such as not having a patient, their late or late arrival, and being harassed at work were also cited as causes of stress. Many factors in the clinical environment play a role in the stress of dental students, which can be eliminated or reduced to greatly contribute to the quality of education. According to the results of this study and the recognition of stressors in the clinical environment, more attention of the authorities to this field and the need to review clinical education seems necessar

Some lichens from Kashmar, NE Iran

The present paper is based on recent collection of lichens made between 2007-2008 on Kashmar in the central part of the Razavi Khorasan province. A total of 31 taxa of lichens are reported from three localities in the investigated area. Two species are new to Iran, eight species are new to the province