Making political citizens? Migrants’ narratives of naturalization in the United Kingdom^*

Citizenship tests are arguably intended as moments of hailing, or interpellation, through which norms are internalized and citizen-subjects produced. We analyse the multiple political subjects revealed through migrants’ narratives of the citizenship test process, drawing on 158 interviews with migrants in Leicester and London who are at different stages in the UK citizensh ip test process. In dialogue with three counter-figures in the critical naturalization literature–the ‘neoliberal citizen’; the ‘anxious citizen’; and the ‘heroic citizen’–we propose the figure of the ‘citizen-negotiator’, a socially situated actor who attempts to assert control over their life as they navigate the test process and state power. Through the focus on negotiation, we see migrants navigating a process of differentiation founded on pre-existing inequalities rather than a journey toward transformation

GPHIN media data.

<p>Media data collected by GPHIN from all media worldwide. The time scale is weeks with 0 corresponding to March 1, 2009. The solid line is all media data collected, the dotted line is French and English media data and the dashed line is English language media data.</p

Infection curves with GPHIN data.

<p>In the left panel of this figure the pandemics do not have a vaccine available, in the right panel there is a vaccine available for the second wave of the pandemic. First row: influenza pandemic curve for the duration for which GPHIN has media data collected. Second row: media is kept constant at the level of the last weeks data collection after the end of data collection. Third row: media decays linearly after final data point and is then held at 0. Fourth row: no media reports after the final data reading. Fifth row: Media is kept constant until the declared pandemic end, week 47, then cut off.</p

H1N1 cases.

<p>Lab confirmed cases of pandemic H1N1 in 2009 in Canada [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0141423#pone.0141423.ref044" target="_blank">44</a>]. There are two waves of the pandemic.</p

Model flow diagram.

<p>Flow diagram and schematic of the Agent Based Monte Carlo simulation.</p

Sensitivity analysis.

<p>Partial rank correlation coefficients are shown for (a) Peak magnitude; (b) Peak time (c) End time; (d) Total number of infectious individuals. PRCC coefficients have negative or positive correlations to the public health outcomes of interest. The total population N is assumed to be constant.</p

Additional file 2: of Underreporting of hepatitis A in non-endemic countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Reference list of all articles reviewed in full-text. (DOCX 26 kb

Economic costs and health utility values associated with extremely preterm birth: Evidence from the EPICure2 cohort study.

Background: Preterm birth is associated with adverse health and developmental se-quelae that impose a burden on finite resources and significant challenges for indi-viduals, families and societies. Objectives: To estimate economic outcomes at age 11 associated with extremely pre-term birth using evidence from a whole population study (EPICure2 study). Methods: The study population comprised a sample of children born at ≤26 com-pleted weeks of gestation during 2006 in England (n=  200) and a comparison group of classmates born at term (n=  143). Societal costs were estimated using parent and teacher reports of service utilisation, and valuations of work losses and additional care costs to families. Utility scores for the Health Utilities Index Mark 2 (HUI2) and Mark 3 (HUI3) were generated using UK and Canadian value sets. Generalised linear regression was used to estimate the impact of extremely preterm birth on societal costs and utility scores. Results: Unadjusted mean societal costs that excluded provision of special educa-tional support in mainstream schools during the 11th year after birth were £6536 for the extremely preterm group and £3275 for their classmates, generating a difference of £3262 (95% confidence interval [CI] £1912, £5543). The mean adjusted cost dif-ference was £2916 (95% CI £1609, £4224), including special educational needs pro-vision in mainstream schools increased the adjusted cost difference to £4772 (95% CI £3166, £6378). Compared with birth at term, extremely preterm birth generated mean-    adjusted utility decrements ranging from 0.13 (95% CI 0.09, 0.18) based on the UK HUI2 statistical inference tariff to 0.28 (95% CI 0.18, 0.37) based on the Canadian HUI3 tariff. Conclusions: The adverse economic impact of extremely preterm birth persists into late childhood. Further longitudinal studies conducted from multiple perspectives are needed to understand the magnitude, trajectory and underpinning mechanisms of economic outcomes following extremely preterm birth.</p

Additional file 2: of Methods for network meta-analysis of continuous outcomes using individual patient data: a case study in acupuncture for chronic pain

Provides WinBUGS modelling code for models 1 and 2 as described in the main text. (DOCX 41 kb

Additional file 2: Figure S4B. of Global travel patterns and risk of measles in Ontario and Quebec, Canada: 2007–2011

Ontario measles cases (importations and unknown source) and inbound passenger volume, 2007–2011. (PPTX 18 kb