PYROLYTIC OIL - A PRODUCT OF FAST PYROLYSIS OF WOOD RESIDUES FOR ENERGY RESOURCES

The application of renewable energy resources for energy production becomes increasingly urgent worldwide. Fast pyrolysis is one of the trends of obtaining liquid fuel from solid biomass.The aim of the present study was to investigate the yield, chemical composition, physical properties and water amount of hardwood pyrolytic oil (PO) depending on the pyrolysis and pre-treatment conditions in an ablative type reactor.The results of the analysis of the heat capacity of pyrolytic oil show an increase in this parameter from 12 MJ/kg (without drying) to 15-16 MJ/kg, drying the wood, and then pyrolysing it.Pyrolytic oil with a decreased amount of pyrolytic water and a high heat capacity was obtained in an ablative type reactor, drying the wood and then pyrolysing it. For the pyrolytic oil obtained in the two-stage fast pyrolysis equipment process, pH increases

2-(4,5,6,7,8,9-Hexahydro-6a-aza­phenyl­en-2-ylmethyl­ene)indan-1,3-dione

The title compound, C22H19NO2, has potential for use as a new nonlinear optical material. Mol­ecules are almost planar. One C atom of the heterocyclic ring system is disordered over two positions; the site occupancy factors are 0.6 and 0.4

Selective liquid phase oxidation of glycerol to glyceric acid over novel supported Pt catalysts

Several supported platinum catalysts were prepared by extractive-pyrolytic method for the selective glyceric acid production from glycerol. Al2O3, Y2O3, Lu2O3, ZrO2-Y2O3 TiO2, SG, Fe2O3, γ-AlO(OH) and C were used as catalyst supports, glycerol oxidation was carried out in the alkaline solutions and oxygen was used as oxidant. The optimal catalyst preparation parameters and glycerol oxidation conditions to obtain glyceric acid were determined. The best result (selectivity to glyceric acid 57% with glycerol conversion 92%) was achieved in the presence of 4.8%Pt/Al2O3 catalyst

MgO Catalysts for FAME Synthesis Prepared Using PEG Surfactant during Precipitation and Calcination

To develop a method for the preparation of MgO nanoparticles, precatalyst synthesis from magnesium nitrate with ammonia and calcination was performed in presence of PEG in air. Without PEG, the catalysts are inactive. The conversion to hydroxide was performed using a PEG/MgO molar ratio of 1, but, before the calcination, excess of PEG was either saved (PEG1) or increased to 2, 3, or 4 (PEG 2–4). Catalysts were calcined at 400–660 °C and characterized using XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, TGA, FTIR, and SEM. The FAME yield in the reactions with methanol depend on the PEG ratio used and the calcination temperature. The optimal calcination temperature and highest FAME yield in the 6 h reactions for catalysts PEG1, PEG2, PEG3 and PEG4 were 400 °C, 74%; 500 °C, 80%; 500 °C, 51% and 550 °C, 31%, respectively. The yield dependence on calcination temperature for catalysts with a constant PEG ratio is similar to that of a bell curve, which becomes wider and flatters with an increase in PEG ratio. For most catalysts, the FAME yield increases as the size of the crystallites decreases. The dependence of FAME and the intermediate yield on oil conversion confirms that all catalysts have strong base sites