Diversité des champignons saprotrophes et ectomycorhiziens du campus universitaire de Lomé au Togo

Macromycetes found on woody substrate (saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal) of the university campus of Lomé in Togo are identified according to transect-plot method. A diversity of thirty-three (33) taxa of macroscopic fungi are identified up to genus level (sixteen taxa) and up to species level for seventeen taxa (17). Identified taxa included two (2) ectomycorrhizal species (Phlebopus sudanicus and Pisolithus tinctorius) and thirty-one (31) saprotrophs. The 32 taxa belong to the subdivision of Basidiomycotina. Ganoderma genus are represented by four species belonging to the family Ganodermataceae, which colonizes the greatest number of exotic wood substrates species (17) and local species (5). Azadirachta indica is the most colonized substrate by ten species of Macromycetes, followed by Delonix regia and Senna siamea colonized by nine and seven species respectively. According to the inventoried taxa, four species (Volvariella volvacea, Psathyrella tuberculata, Macrocybe lobayensis, Leucocoprinus cretatus) are edible mushroom and three (Ganoderma lucidum, G. colossus, Daldinia eschlosii) are therapeutic mushrooms. The subdivision of Ascomycotina is represented by only one species, Daldinia eschscholzii, of the order of Xylariales. Twenty-two (22) taxa of tree species representing woody host substrates of macromycetes are identified including eighteen Angiosperms (sixteen dicotyledons, two monocotyledons) and two gymnosperms (Cycas circinalis (Cycadophyte) and Pinus caribea (Coniferophyte)). The knowledge of macromycetes in this area subjected to a perpetual anthropic pressure for the establishment of infrastructures is therefore necessary, which will make it possible to have data on the diversity of this biological heritage before their eventual disappearance. Keywords: Diversity, Macromycetes, woody substrates, university campus, Lomé, TogoLes Macromycètes inféodés au substrat ligneux (saprotrophes et ectomycorhiziens) du campus universitaire de Lomé au Togo ont été inventoriés suivant la méthode des transects et des placeaux. Une diversité de trente et trois (33) taxons de champignons macroscopiques est identifié dont seize (16) jusqu’au niveau genre et dix-sept (17) jusqu’au niveau espèce. On y dénombre deux (2) espèces ectomycorhiziennes (Phlebopus sudanicus et Pisolithus tinctorius) et trente et un (31) saprotrophes. Les 32 taxons appartiennent à sous-division des Basidiomycotina. La famille des Ganodermataceae, représentée par quatre espèces de Ganoderma, colonise le plus grand nombre de substrats ligneux d’essences exotiques (17 espèces) et locales (5 espèces). Azadirachta indica est le substrat le plus colonisé par dix espèces de Macromycètes, suivi de Delonix regia et Senna siamea colonisés respectivement par neuf et sept espèces. Parmi les taxas inventoriés, quatre espèces (Volvariella volvacea, Psathyrella tuberculata, Macrocybe lobayensis, Leucocoprinus cretatus) sont comestibles et trois (Ganoderma lucidum, G. colossus, Daldinia eschlosii) sont thérapeutiques. La sous-division des Ascomycotina est représentée une seule espèce, Daldinia eschscholzii, de l’ordre des Xylariales. Vingt-deux (22) taxons d’espèces d’arbre qui représentent les substrats ligneux hôtes des macromycètes sont identifiés dont dix-huit Angiospermes (seize dicotylédones, deux monocotylédones) et deux gymnospermes (Cycas circinalis (Cycadophyte) et Pinus caribea (Coniférophyte)). La connaissance des macromycètes sur cet espace soumis à une perpétuelle pression anthropique pour la mise en place des infrastructures est donc nécessaire, ce qui permettra de disposer des données sur la diversité de ce patrimoine biologique avant leur disparition éventuelle. Mots clés: Diversité, Macromycètes, substrats ligneux, campus universitaire, Lomé, Togo

Les champignons ectomycorrhiziens consommés par les Bassar et les Kabyè, peuples riverains du Parc National Fazao-Malfakassa (PNFM) au Togo (Afrique de l'Ouest)

The wild edible mushrooms are often used by people who live around the PNFM of Togo. To know better the ecto-mycorrhizal taxa used and to document the endogenous knowledge, surveys on ethno-mycological knowledge were conducted in the city of Bassar from the ethnic group of Bassar and in the village of Hezoudè from Kabyè ethnic group. During this study, based on semi-structural ethno-mycological survey, 432 people aged 10 to 80 years from the Kabyè and Bassar areas are interviewed via focus group and/or individual interviews. After ethno-mycological investigations, 23 taxa are known as edible. The ethno-mycological indices such as Use Value (UV), Index of Fisher (p) and Index of Importance Value (IVI) are calculated to test the knowledge on the different use of mushrooms by the two ethnic groups. The study revealed that there is no significant difference regarding the number of consumed taxa for each ethnic group and the levels of their traditional knowledge. The study also showed that the traditional ethno-mycological knowledge of the population varies according to age, the ethnical group and sex. The elders are proven to be the holders of the best mycological knowledge. The most ecto-mycorrhizal mushrooms consumed are Amanita loosii, Russula oleifera and Cantharellus congolensis. These preliminary data indicate that the ecto-mycorrhizal mushrooms and their uses are well known by the people who live around the PNFM. Keywords: Edible ecto-mycorrhizal mushrooms, exploitation, ethnic groups, National Park Fazao-Malfakassa, Togo.Les champignons sauvages sont très prisés par les populations riveraines du PNFM du Togo. Pour mieux connaître les taxa ecto-mycorrhiziens consommés et documenter les connaissances endogènes, une étude réalisée sur les connaissances ethno-mycologiques traditionnelles dans la ville de Bassar auprès des peuples Bassar et dans le village de Hezoudè auprès des peuples Kabyè a été couplée à des observations de terrain. Les enquêtes ethno-mycologiques semi-structurées ont été réalisées sur 432 personnes d’âge compris entre 10 ans et 80 ans. Vingt trois (23) taxa sont connus comme étant comestibles. Les indices ethno-mycologiques tels que la valeur d’usage (VU), l’indice de diversité de Fisher (p), l’indice de valeur d’importance (IVI) ont été calculés pour tester les connaissances sur les différents usages des champignons. L’étude a révélé qu’il n’existe pas de différence significative en ce qui concerne les niveaux de connaissances traditionnelles par chaque groupe ethnique et le nombre de taxa consommés. L’étude a montré que les connaissances mycologiques traditionnelles de ces populations varient en fonction de l’âge, de l’ethnie et du sexe. Les champignons ecto-mycorrhiziens les plus consommés sont Amanita loosii, Russula oleifera et Cantharellus congolensis. Ces données préliminaires ont montré que les champignons ecto-mycorrhiziens sont bien connus des populations riveraines du PNFM. Mots clés: Champignons ecto-mycorrhiziens comestibles, exploitation, groupes ethniques, Parc National Fazao-Malfakassa, Togo

Nutritional potential of edible Russula species from Aledjo Wildlife Reserve (AWR)

In order to contribute to the valorisation of wild fungi whose nutritional potential, although considerable, is not sufficiently known in some countries such as Togo, a study has been carried out on Russula species. The diversity of Russula species from Aledjo Wildlife Reserve has been assessed using a focused inventory in woodlands dominated by Isoberlinia doka Craib & Stapf, Isoberlinia tomentosa (Harms) Craib & Stapf, Monotes kerstingii Gilg, Uapaca togoensis Pax and gallery forests dominated by Berlinia grandiflora (Vahl) Hutch & Dalz and Uapaca guineensis Mull. Ethnomycological surveys have been carried out among Tem and Kabye, two riparian ethnic groups that are mainly represented. Biochemical analyses have been carried out using the AOAC method. Fifteen (15) taxa of edible Russula species are commonly used by Tem and Kabye people living along the Aledjo Wildlife Reserve among which thirteen (13) taxa have been identified up to species level. R. oleifera is eaten by all interviewed people in both sociolinguistic groups (Fr = 100%) followed by R. compressa (Fr = 92.31%), R. ochrocephala (Fr = 87.18%) among Tem people and R. ochrocephala (Fr = 91.67%), R. compressa (Fr = 83.33%) among Kabye people. Five (05) new species of edible Russula have been identified for the first time in Togo. The Russula species analysed have been rich in macronutrients with contents ranging from 2.88 g/100 g of dw for fat to 65.83 g/100 g of dw for total carbohydrates. In addition, these Russula species have shown a relatively high mineral content with contents ranging from 405.70 mg/100 g of dw for Ca to 2784 mg/100 g of dw for K. Furthermore, the results have revealed that Russula species analysed are a source of energy with 309.50 Kcal/100 g of dw. The edible Russula species analysed can thus contribute to food security in Togo.In order to contribute to the valorisation of wild fungi whose nutritional potential, although considerable, is not sufficiently known in some countries such as Togo, a study has been carried out on Russula species. The diversity of Russula species from Aledjo Wildlife Reserve has been assessed using a focused inventory in woodlands dominated by Isoberlinia doka Craib & Stapf, Isoberlinia tomentosa (Harms) Craib & Stapf, Monotes kerstingii Gilg, Uapaca togoensis Pax and gallery forests dominated by Berlinia grandiflora (Vahl) Hutch & Dalz and Uapaca guineensis Mull. Ethnomycological surveys have been carried out among Tem and Kabye, two riparian ethnic groups that are mainly represented. Biochemical analyses have been carried out using the AOAC method. Fifteen (15) taxa of edible Russula species are commonly used by Tem and Kabye people living along the Aledjo Wildlife Reserve among which thirteen (13) taxa have been identified up to species level. R. oleifera is eaten by all interviewed people in both sociolinguistic groups (Fr = 100%) followed by R. compressa (Fr = 92.31%), R. ochrocephala (Fr = 87.18%) among Tem people and R. ochrocephala (Fr = 91.67%), R. compressa (Fr = 83.33%) among Kabye people. Five (05) new species of edible Russula have been identified for the first time in Togo. The Russula species analysed have been rich in macronutrients with contents ranging from 2.88 g/100 g of dw for fat to 65.83 g/100 g of dw for total carbohydrates. In addition, these Russula species have shown a relatively high mineral content with contents ranging from 405.70 mg/100 g of dw for Ca to 2784 mg/100 g of dw for K. Furthermore, the results have revealed that Russula species analysed are a source of energy with 309.50 Kcal/100 g of dw. The edible Russula species analysed can thus contribute to food security in Togo.A

Role of Women in Maintaining Suburban Agricultural Land in Togo (West Africa)

International audienc

Determination of the Types of Air Pollutants Prepondering in the City of Lome in Togo (West Africa)

International audienc

Determination of Air Pollutant Concentrations in Plant Species in Relation to Pollution Sources

International audienc