COOD:Combined out-of-distribution detection using multiple measures for anomaly & novel class detection in large-scale hierarchical classification

High-performing out-of-distribution (OOD) detection, both anomaly and novel class, is an important prerequisite for the practical use of classification models. In this paper, we focus on the species recognition task in images concerned with large databases, a large number of fine-grained hierarchical classes, severe class imbalance, and varying image quality. We propose a framework for combining individual OOD measures into one combined OOD (COOD) measure using a supervised model. The individual measures are several existing state-of-the-art measures and several novel OOD measures developed with novel class detection and hierarchical class structure in mind. COOD was extensively evaluated on three large-scale (500k+ images) biodiversity datasets in the context of anomaly and novel class detection. We show that COOD outperforms individual, including state-of-the-art, OOD measures by a large margin in terms of TPR@1% FPR in the majority of experiments, e.g., improving detecting ImageNet images (OOD) from 54.3% to 85.4% for the iNaturalist 2018 dataset. SHAP (feature contribution) analysis shows that different individual OOD measures are essential for various tasks, indicating that multiple OOD measures and combinations are needed to generalize. Additionally, we show that explicitly considering ID images that are incorrectly classified for the original (species) recognition task is important for constructing high-performing OOD detection methods and for practical applicability. The framework can easily be extended or adapted to other tasks and media modalities

執筆者紹介・専修大学法学会評議員・奥付

This file includes 932 DICOM files of a male and female Hemiscyllium trispeculare specimen housed in the spirit collection of Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands with registrationnumber RMNH.PISC.35295.a and RMNH.PISC.35295.b respectively. The specimens are scanned in a medical CT scanner (Toshiba Aquilion 64) at the Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands at 100 kV and 150 mAs with a slice thickness of 0.5 mm

Iowa Aviation System Plan 2010-2030: Individual Airport Report; Tipton Municipal - Mathews Memorial Airport, June 8, 2011

The Iowa Aviation System Plan Individual Airport Report provides an overview of the aviation system in Iowa, as well as specific information related to the local Airport. Iowa’s air transportation system plays a critical role in the economic development of the state and quality of life for Iowans. The Iowa Aviation System Plan evaluates existing conditions and makes recommendations for future development of the air transportation system to meet the needs of users over the next 20 years. Airport sponsors and airport management can use the Individual Airport Report to better understand the role their airport plays in the state and use it as a guide to improve facilities and services for their aviation users

Biology Seminar held at Des Moines, IA, January 10, 1950, Vol. 1, no.1

Seminar reporting on animal and bird populations in Iowa. Held in Des Moines, Iowa

Iowa Aviation System Plan 2010-2030: Individual Airport Report; Ida Grove Municipal Airport, June 8, 2011

The Iowa Aviation System Plan Individual Airport Report provides an overview of the aviation system in Iowa, as well as specific information related to the local Airport. Iowa’s air transportation system plays a critical role in the economic development of the state and quality of life for Iowans. The Iowa Aviation System Plan evaluates existing conditions and makes recommendations for future development of the air transportation system to meet the needs of users over the next 20 years. Airport sponsors and airport management can use the Individual Airport Report to better understand the role their airport plays in the state and use it as a guide to improve facilities and services for their aviation users

Epi Update for Friday, September 15, 2017

Weekly Newsletter for the Center for Acute Disease Epidemiology of the Iowa Department of Public Healt

Iowa DNR News, October 5, 2017

E-newsletter providing information about Iowa natural resources activities across the state. Produced by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources

Gradual emergence of superconductivity in underdoped LSCO

We present triple-axis neutron scattering studies of low-energy magnetic fluctuations in strongly underdoped La$_{2-x}$Sr$_{x}$CuO$_{4}$ with $x=0.05$, $0.06$ and $0.07$, providing quantitative evidence for a direct competition between these fluctuations and superconductivity. At dopings $x=0.06$ and $x=0.07$, three-dimensional superconductivity is found, while only a very weak signature of two-dimensional superconductivity residing in the CuO$_2$ planes is detectable for $x=0.05$. We find a surprising suppression of the low-energy fluctuations by an external magnetic field at all three dopings. This implies that the response of two-dimensional superconductivity to a magnetic field is similar to that of a bulk superconductor. Our results provide direct evidence of a very gradual onset of superconductivity in cuprates.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, and supplementary materia