Religion as Obedience: Confessional Residential Care in the Federal Republic of Germany 1945–1975

The debate in Germany about boarding schools and residential care in the 1950s and 1960s dealt with brute force and child abuse. More than seventy percent of the residential care institutions were run by the churches. The relation between religion, obedience and discipline was characteristic for this field of socialdisciplinary intervention. The draft will show statistical evidence and outline the tradition and reality of correctional education in Germany. It shows the development from the poor conditions in the early years after the Second World War to the change of generations and educational institutions at the end of the 1960s in Germany. In many respects everyday life in these educational homes had the character of „total institutions“, according to the concept of Erving Goffman. Religious education reinforced authoritarian behaviour and was paired with a quantitative and qualitative lack of personnel in the institutions. The „belated modernisation“ of the correctional education in Germany took much more time than the modernisation of society in general.The debate in Germany about boarding schools and residential care in the 1950s and 1960s dealt with brute force and child abuse. More than seventy percent of the residential care institutions were run by the churches. The relation between religion, obedience and discipline was characteristic for this field of socialdisciplinary intervention. The draft will show statistical evidence and outline the tradition and reality of correctional education in Germany. It shows the development from the poor conditions in the early years after the Second World War to the change of generations and educational institutions at the end of the 1960s in Germany. In many respects everyday life in these educational homes had the character of „total institutions“, according to the concept of Erving Goffman. Religious education reinforced authoritarian behaviour and was paired with a quantitative and qualitative lack of personnel in the institutions. The „belated modernisation“ of the correctional education in Germany took much more time than the modernisation of society in general

On the Determinants of Currency Crises: The Role of Model Uncertainty

We tackle explicitly the issue of model uncertainty in the framework of binary variable models of currency crises. Using Bayesian model averaging techniques, we assess the robustness of the explanatory variables proposed in the recent literature for both static and dynamic models. Our results indicate that the variables belonging to the set of macroeconomic fundamentals proposed by the literature are very fragile determinants of the occurrence of currency crises. The results improve if the crisis index identifies a crisis period (defined as the period up to a year before a crisis) instead of a crisis occurrence. In this setting, the extent of real exchange rate misalignment and financial market indicators appear as robust determinants of crisis periods

Die doppelte Buchführung in Freistatt

Schmuhl H-W. Die doppelte Buchführung in Freistatt. In: Damberg W, Frings B, Jähnichen T, Kaminsky U, eds. Mutter Kirche – Vater Staat? Geschichte, Praxis und Debatten der konfessionellen Heimerziehung seit 1945. Münster; 2010: 211-228

Influence of cimetidine and its metabolites on Cisplatin-Investigation of adduct formation by means of electrochemistry/liquid chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry

<p>Cimetidine has been studied as an additive in cancer chemotherapy. It is claimed to reduce the side effects of Cisplatin. This study focuses on possible interactions between Cisplatin and cimetidine on the molecular level. Due to the fact that cimetidine is metabolized in the liver, interactions between its metabolites and Cisplatin are also investigated. By means of LC/ESI-MS, Cisplatin-cimetidine adducts were detected. In a second step, the metabolism of cimetidine was simulated by electrochemical oxidation. These results were compared with microsomal incubations of cimetidine using rat and human liver cell microsomes. Because the two methods showed a correlation, the electrochemical approach was further used to investigate Cisplatin's interactions with metabolites of cimetidine. However, notable interactions that might take place in the human body could neither be observed for pure cimetidine nor for its metabolites. Finally, the impact of cimetidine on Cisplatin-protein interactions were studied using the model protein p-lactoglobulin A. In the presence of cimetidine, the affinity of Cisplatin towards the model protein appears to be increased. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>