Unilateral Spinal Anaesthesia in Calves

ΔΕΝ ΔΙΑΤΙΘΕΤΑΙ ΕΡΙΛΗΨΗIn this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of unilateral anaesthesia by the administration of hyperbaric bupivacaine through the lumbosacral space into the subarachnoid space in calves. A total of 10 calves with unilateral femoral fractures were included in the study. After each calf was placed in a lateral position on the side intended for surgery, 15 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine was slowly injected into the subarachnoid space. The onset, duration and depth of anaesthesia were determined by the pinprick test (scale 1–4). In addition, heart rate, diastolic arterial blood pressure, systolic arterial blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, respiratory rate and body temperature of the calves were monitored and recorded from the onset to 120 min after anaesthesia. The onset of unilateral spinal anaesthesia was within 20 s and the mean duration of anaesthesia was 155.40 min. Although there were statistical differences between hemodynamic values in the study, they were within the reference values. As a result, we believe that unilateral spinal anaesthesia in calves provides adequate anaesthesia for use in orthopaedic procedures; thus, it can be used in practice

Comparison of intraosseous and intramuscular drug administration for induction of anaesthesia in domestic pigeons

The aim of the present study was to assess the feasibility of intraosseous anaesthetic drug administration in domestic pigeons and to compare this method with an intramuscular technique for clinical parameters (induction quality and recovery of anaesthesia), heart-respiratory rate and cloacal temperature. Sixteen clinically healthy mature pigeons (7 mate and 9 female) were included into the study. The birds were allocated into two groups as group I and II. Pigeons in group I received 50 mg/kg ketamine by intraosseous route (10) and birds in group II received intramuscular (IM) ketamine application at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and cloacal temperature (CT) were measured before (0 min) and 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min after anaesthetic drug administration. Clinical and anaesthetic effect of the ketamine used in different route were assessed. Statistical assessment performed between the groups revealed that RR in IM group was higher than in 10 group between 1 and 3 min (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively), whereas in 15 min it was higher in 10 group than IM (p < 0.01) (Fig. 1A). Compared to baseline values, there was a decrease for HR within 3 to 15 min for both groups. However, this was statistically different between 5, 10 and 15 min for IM group. No significant alterations were recorded for CT during the anaesthesia for both groups. The anaesthetic effect of the ketamine started 1 to 3 min (1.8 +/- 0.4) after injection for Group I and 5 to 10 min (7.5 +/- 0.8) for Group II. The recovery time ranged from 50 to 75 min (62 +/- 15) for Group I and 80 to 100 min (90 +/- 12) for the Group II. Intraosseous and intramuscular ketamine administration resulted in a satisfactory anaesthesia, in pigeons. However, intraosseous drug administration provided a more rapid and effective anaesthesia and might be useful for the birds requiring urgent anaesthesia. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd

Urethral dilatation and its surgical treatment in a lamb

Urinary obstruction can either be partial or complete, resulting from a physical or functional condition or urinary outflow (Oliver, 1987)

Epidural injection of ketamine hydrochloride for perineal analgesia in cattle

Ketamine hydrochloride, diluted four-fold in 0.9% solution of NaCl, was injected into the epidural spaces of 10 animals at 2 mg/kg body weight and of another 10 animals at 3 mg/kg. For both dosages, at least five minutes were required for the onset of adequate surgical analgesia for perineal surgery. At 2 mg/kg body weight epidural ketamine induced analgesia for 45 to 60 minutes (mean: 55 minutes), while 3 mg/kg provided analgesia for 55 to 70 minutes (mean: 60 minutes). Significant alterations were not detected in the mean respiratory rates, heart rates or body temperatures at any time up to 75 minutes after injection. Analgesia provided by epidural ketamine was satisfactory for superficial operations in the perineal region; however, there was inadequate muscle relaxation for some operations such as post-scrotal urethrotomy and correction of vaginal prolapse; in those situations it would be necessary to administer a muscle relaxant in conjunction with the epidural ketamine