Análise da abordagem contextual no conteúdo de Ligações Químicas em livros didáticos aceitos pelo PNLD-2012

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a abordagem do conteúdo de Ligação Química em relação à contextualização em livros didáticos de química aprovados pelo PNLD 2012 e escolhido por escolas de um município de Goiás. Esta pesquisa caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa bibliográfica e para análise criamos indicadores baseados no PNLD e nos indicadores propostos por Amaral, Xavier e Maciel (2009). Os livros foram Química Cidadã do PEQUIS e Química da Martha Reis. Inicialmente nos detivemos na análise do conceito de contextualização por meio de documentos oficiais e teóricos daárea. Esse conceito é polissêmico, não havendo muitas vezes clareza do que é e o que se quer com a contextualização. A partir das nossas análises observamos que as abordagens desse conteúdo nos livros estão passando por mudanças, no entanto como qualquer material didático apresenta problemas,que devem ser explicitados para contribuir no melhor uso desse instrumento em sala de aul

Multidimensional assessment of institutionalized elderly: the reality of a brazilian institution

Background: The population aging in Brazil is characterized by the accumulation of progressive disabilities in their functional activities and daily life. To consider the elderlies in his/her multiple dimensions turns out to be a critical issue to improvetheir assistance to an institu-tionalized level, improving their health and quality of life. To perform a mini-overall evaluation of institutionalized elderly person to trace their profile in relation to the socio-demographic, functional capacity, nutritional status and cognition. Methods: Descriptive study, with a cross-sectional design and quan-titative approach performed in a long - stay institution for the elderly in Natal, RN. The research was approved by the Research Ethics Com-mittee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, under opinion number 164/2011.Results: 63.3% of the elderly were female, with ages varying from 61 to 103 years. 60.0% were single; 56.7% were literate. 66.7% had no children and 55% lived with their families before the institutio-nalization. As for the institutionalization time, 63.3% resided in the institution for four years. As what concerns the aspects of health, 73.3% of the elderly presented hearing difficulties, 90% make use of medicines predominantly to diabetes and hypertension. There is clear evidence that the institutionalization has been harmful to the elderly as with regards basic activities of daily living, nutritional status and cognitive aspects. Conclusion: The progressive disability in functional activities of daily life interferes directly in the quality of life, increasing dependency and minimizing the autonomy of these individuals. It is necessary to effec-tive implementation of public policies directed to the institutionalized elderly from the perspective of effective actions for improved attention and assistance

Preparo e aplicação de poliacrilamida molecularmente impressa como adsorvente de glifosato e AMPA

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Development, validation, and application of a method for the GC-MS analysis of fipronil and three of its degradation products in samples of water, soil, and sediment

A method for the identification and quantification of pesticide residues in water, soil, and sediment samples has been developed, validated, and applied for the analysis of real samples. The specificity was determined by the retention time and the confirmation and quantification of analyte ions. Linearity was demonstrated over the concentration range of 20 to 120 µg L(-1), and the correlation coefficients varied between 0.979 and 0.996, depending on the analytes. The recovery rates for all analytes in the studied matrix were between 86% and 112%. The intermediate precision and repeatability were determined at three concentration levels (40, 80, and 120 µg L(-1)), with the relative standard deviation for the intermediate precision between 1% and 5.3% and the repeatability varying between 2% and 13.4% for individual analytes. The limits of detection and quantification for fipronil, fipronil sulfide, fipronil-sulfone, and fipronil-desulfinyl were 6.2, 3.0, 6.6, and 4.0 ng L(-1) and 20.4, 9.0, 21.6, and 13.0 ng L(-1), respectively. The method developed was used in water, soil, and sediment samples containing 2.1 mg L(-1) and 1.2% and 5.3% of carbon, respectively. The recovery of pesticides in the environmental matrices varied from 88.26 to 109.63% for the lowest fortification level (40 and 100 µg kg(-1)), from 91.17 to 110.18% for the intermediate level (80 and 200 µg kg(-1)), and from 89.09 to 109.82% for the highest fortification level (120 and 300 µg kg(-1)). The relative standard deviation for the recovery of pesticides was under 15%

Synthesis and characterization of cross-linked molecularly imprinted polyacrylamide for the extraction/preconcentration of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid from water samples

The present study describes the synthesis of molecularly imprinted polyacrylamide and its applications for the selective adsorption of glyphosate (GP) and its degradation product, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA). The molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were prepared by polymerization in a homogeneous medium, which is known as the "in bulk" method. The reagents used for the synthesis were acrylamide (AAm) as the functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the cross-linking reagent, and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the radical initiator. The selectivity of the MIPs was evaluated with non-imprinted polymers (NIPs) for each polymer synthesized without the template molecule. Polymer characterization was carried out by thermogravimetry (TG) analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental data on the adsorption kinetics were best explained by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The Langmuir-Freundlich nonlinear isotherm model for two adsorption sites had the best fit to the experimental data for glyphosate and AMPA. The maximum adsorption capacities were 3.37 and 4.74 mg g(-1) for MIP-GP and MIP-AMPA, respectively. According to the relative selectivity (k') values, higher selectivities for the analytes were observed in aqueous medium for the MIPs than for the NIPs. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP