A Case of Canine Cutaneous Clear Cell Adnexal Carcinoma with Prominent Expression of Smooth Muscle Actin

Cutaneous clear cell adnexal carcinoma was found in the right lip of a 14-year-old male castrated Shih Tzu. Histologically, the tumor mostly consisted of neoplastic cells with clear or vacuolated cytoplasms and contained frequent tubular structures. Neoplastic cells showed coexpression of pan-cytokeratin (CK) and vimentin by double-labeled immunofluorescence staining. In addition, immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumor cells were positive for pan-CK (AE1/AE3, KL1, CAM 5.2), CK-7, CK-8, CK-14, CK-15, CK-18, vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) with varied intensity and positivity. Among these marker proteins, SMA was positive in 75% of the tumor cells. On the other hand, CK-15, which is a specific marker of follicular stem cells, was expressed in less than 1% of the tumor cells. Based on these findings, the tumor showed diverse differentiation in apocrine sweat glands and the inner and outer root sheaths of hair follicles, indicating the follicular stem cell to be the origin of this tumor

膀胱反転による尿路変更術を実施した尿道腫瘍のイヌ1症例

排尿困難を主訴として来院した8歳齢，雌のミニチュアダックスフントに対し各種検査を行った結果，近位尿道部に発生した腫瘍に起因する尿道閉塞と診断した。排尿困難の改善と腫瘍摘出を目的とし，尿道膣吻合術を計画した。しかし，開腹下での所見において腫瘍が膀胱尿道移行部にまで浸潤していたため，計画していた術式を断念し，膀胱を反転させ膀胱尖部と遠位尿道部を吻合する新たな尿路変更術を試みた。術後，生存期間中は蓄尿機能の温存および自力排尿が可能となり，良好な排尿状態が得られた。An 8-year-old female Miniature Dachshund was presented for evaluation of dysuria, and urethral obstruction due to a proximal urethral tumor was diagnosed after a series of examinations. To relieve dysuria and to remove the tumor, urethral-vaginal anastomosis was the initial option but it was not possible, because tumor invasion into the vesicoureteral junction was found during the surgery. A new urinary diversion technique was attempted instead, and the bladder apex was flipped caudally and anastomosed to the distal urethra. After the surgery, good urinary patency was restored, and the bladder’s pooling function and voluntary urination were maintained throughout the duration of survival

An experimental type II mixed cryoglobulinemia with renal glomerulopathy in ICR mice triggered by Capillaria hepatica infection

Type II mixed cryoglobulinemia is characterized by systemic vasculitis with deposition of cryoprecipitatable-immunoglobulins containing rheumatoid factor. Pathogenesis of type II mixed cryoglobulinemia has not yet been completely clarified because of the lack of an experimental animal. Here, we report an animal model of type II mixed cryoglobulinemia that is induced by experimental infection with Capillaria hepatica in ICR mice. Capillaria hepatica is a nematode that causes necrotic hepatitis in several mammals. In this study, mice experimentally infected with C. hepatica eggs developed cryoglobulinemia at 20 and 30 days post injection. Using immunological analysis, cryoglobulinemia in infected mice was classified as type II mixed cryoglobulinemia by detection of monoclonal IgM rheumatoid factor and IgA in the cryoprecipitate of serum. Using immunofluorescence, we observed an increase in the number of double-positive cells for µ heavy and κ light chains of immunoglobulin in the spleens of infected mice. Histopathologically, this model was characterized by glomerulopathy associated with intense deposition of IgM and IgA filling in capillary lumina. Ultrastructural analysis showed that glomerular deposits consisted of stacks of twisted microtubular structures. These serological and histological features resembled those of type II mixed cryoglobulinemia in human. This is the first experimental animal model of type II mixed cryoglobulinemia that will enable detailed studies on the pathogenesis of cryoglobulinemia