46 research outputs found

    Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) in Selected OECD Countries

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    Contracting for Child and Family Services: A Mission-Sensitive Guide

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    Outlines steps, procedures, and choices for contracting services. Includes parameter setting decisions for governor, legislature, department leadership, and the social welfare professional community

    Gender-Specific Effects of Unemployment on Family Formation: A Cross-National Perspective

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    This paper investigates the impact of unemployment on the propensity to start a family. Unemployment is accompanied by bad occupational prospects and impending economic deprivation, placing the well-being of a future family at risk. I analyze unemployment at the intersection of state-dependence and the reduced opportunity costs of parenthood, distinguishing between men and women across a set of welfare states. Using micro-data from the European Community Household Panel (ECHP), I apply event history methods to analyze longitudinal samples of first-birth transitions in France, Finland, Germany, and the UK (1994-2001). The results highlight spurious negative effects of unemployment on family formation among men, which can be attributed to the lack of breadwinner capabilities in the inability to financially support a family. Women, in contrast, show positive effects of unemployment on the propensity to have a first child in all countries except France. These effects prevail even after ontrolling for labour market and income-related factors. The findings are pronounced in Germany and the UK where work-family conflicts are the cause of high opportunity costs of motherhood, and the gender-specific division of labour is still highly traditional. Particularly among women with a moderate and low level of education, unemployment clearly increases the likelihood to have a first child

    Social Services For Children...

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    Au coeur de la politique familiale américaine : les enfants, les femmes et le travail

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    Cet article fait ressortir qu'aux États-Unis les mesures prises par les gouvernements à l'endroit de la famille composent une politique familiale à caractère implicite plutôt qu'explicite, s'inspirent d'une conception minimaliste du rôle des gouvernements face aux transformations sociales et démographiques, relèvent d'une approche qui consiste à cibler les familles pauvres avec enfants plutôt qu'à instaurer des programmes universels, mettent le travail en valeur tout en manifestant une ambivalence à l'égard du travail salarié des femmes, et accordent un rôle important au marché et au bénévolat. Ces mesures, dans leur forme actuelle, résultent d'une lente évolution, amorcée surtout depuis les années 1960. Il est peu probable qu'elles changent beaucoup à court terme. Pourtant, la transformation des rôles féminins et la situation toujours précaire des enfants, en particulier de ceux qui grandissent dans une famille monoparentale, exigerait des interventions beaucoup plus vigoureuses.U.S. family policy is implicit rather than explicit, stresses a minimalist role for government in responding to social and demographic change, is targeted selectively on poor families with children rather than taking a universal approach, stresses the importance of work but remains ambivalent about women's paid employment, and emphasizes market and voluntary sector roles. These policies in their current form have evolved very slowly, largely since the 1960s. They are unlikely to change significantly in the short term. Yet the changes in women's roles and the continued vulnerability of children, especially those growing up in single-parent families, calls out for a far more significant response.Este artfculo subraya el que, en los Estados Unidos, las medidas gubernamentales sobre la familia forman una poh'tica de la familia implfcita mas que explicita, se inspiran de una conception minimalista del rol de los gobiernos respecto a las transformaciones sociales y demogrâficas, se derivan de un enfoque que apunta a las familias pobres con ninos mas que a la instauration de programas universales, subray an el valor del trabajo sin resolver su ambivalencia respecto al trabajo salariado de las mujeres, y atribuyen un roi importante al mercado y al voluntariado. En su forma actual, estas medidas son el resultado de una lenta evolution, que comienza después de los anos sesenta. Es poco probable que cambie en el corto plazo ; sin embargo, la transformation de los roles femeninos y la situation aûn precaria de los ninos, sobre todos de los que crecen en una familia monoparental, exigirfa intervenciones mucho mas vigorosas
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