Dialogisation and interdisciplinary integration of the content of the learning process as a schoolchild’s giftedness factors

Giftedness is an integral feature of personality. The paper deals with the problem of the development of giftedness in mass education without isolating a gifted child from the natural microenvironment. Pedagogical activities should be carried out in the context of schoolchildren’s personal development. To develop schoolchildren’s giftedness, the learning content should be active, conceptual, problem, and personal-sense, as well as include schoolchildren’s personal experience. Dialogisation and interdisciplinary integration are ways for constructing a content of that type. Dialogisation of the learning content brings it to a personal-sense level, increases its problem and conceptual characteristics. In personality-oriented education schoolchildren solve learning tasks as vital. These tasks (a) do not have one correct solution, (b) attract schoolchildren’s interest, and (c) increase their academic motivation. The components entering into a dialogue construct the dialogue content. Hence, activity is inherent in it. The components representing the content of various subjects or subject areas can be a powerful educational force. The integrated content intensifies the subject content, imparts personal sense to certain disciplines, enables gifted children to use and develop their flexibility, metaphoricalness, and associative thinking. The integrated content promotes the development of system and conceptual thinking. A sufficient level of conceptual thinking is necessary for forming interdisciplinary concepts. Dialogisation and integration of the learning content are especially important for the acquisition of interdisciplinary intellectual tools and the development of metasubject abilities. These processes are urgent objectives in modern Russian schools

Structural Elements of Political News Texts and Comments from Children Target Group

Modern online media offer online news magazines with commenting options for children from 8 to 12 years old. This paper features children's comments in their relation to the structure of a French-language political news text designed as Inverted pyramid. Children's comments to political news aimed at their age group are a new and unexplored scientific object. The research relied on the concept of cognitive constructivism of moral consciousness and involved such methods as content and intent analyses. Children proved to be active readers of political news: they expressed their opinions on the information presented in such structural elements as Lead, Body, Background, and Tail. The greatest response was triggered by Background, which narrates the facts that influenced the news event. Children usually reacted to information about victims of political events, political protesters, descriptions of life situations they can associate with, and events of global significance

Problem of spreading fake information in the Internet space analysis

Modern Internet space is filled with various kinds of information, including unreliable, fake information. In the current socio-cultural, socio-political, and socio-economic conditions, we should expect further increase in the spread of fakes and, as a consequence, their negative impact on people’s lives. The article analyses results of a sociological study on the attitude of the Kursk region population to fakes spread in the Internet space. The empirical basis of the study is the results of the online questionnaire survey conducted in September 2022 in the Kursk region. The sample population of the study was 521 people living in the territory of Kursk and Kursk region. Fakes are becoming a real part of life in modern society. Residents of the region are constantly faced with inaccurate information. They recognize its danger and note that fakes nevertheless “attract” their attention. The current situation requires additional measures development to regulate dissemination of information in the Internet space

STRUCTURE OF IXODES TICK COMMUNITIES AT THE CONTINENTAL PART OF SOUTH PRIMORYE TERRITORY AND RUSSIAN ISLAND

In April-June 2012 a collection and analysis of structure of Ixodes tick communities was performed in various biotopes at the Primorye Territory. Five tick species (Ixodes persulcatus Schulze, 1930, I. pavlovskyi Pomerantzev, 1946, Haemaphysalis concinna Koch, 1844, H. japonica douglasi Nuttall et Warburton 1915, Dermacentor silvarum Olenev, 1932) were revealed. It was shown that I. pavlovskyi was rare at the continental part of the Primorye Territory, but it often happened at the Russian island. On the Continent H. japonica douglasi prevailed over H. concinna in total collections. Correlation of these species at the Russian island was reversed. Distinctions in the structure of Ixodes tick communities, formed due to specificity of ecological conditions and. long enough isolation of the parasites' fauna at the island, could affect the ratio and. features of the causative agents of the human infectious diseases for which the carrier organism serves as the first environment

Нерешенные вопросы диагностики рестриктивного типа вентиляционных нарушений

The aim of this study was to determine diagnostic value of an algorithm for restrictive ventilation disorders recommended by the American Thoracic and European Respiratory Society. Methods. We analyzed pulmonary function tests of 148 patients with interstitial lung disease with increased lung elasticity and without airways obstruction. A specific type of restrictive disorders referred to as «non-classic», because it does not match existing diagnostic criteria, was observed in most patients (n = 86). The recommended diagnostic algorithm had low sensitivity (0.42) mainly due to a low informative value of spirometry (VC was within a normal range in 80% of patients with non-classic restrictive pattern).С целью определения эффективности алгоритма диагностики рестриктивного типа вентиляционных нарушений, рекомендованного Американским торакальным и Европейским респираторным обществами, проанализированы результаты легочных функциональных тестов у больных (n = 148) интерстициальными заболеваниями легких с отсутствием признаков обструкции дыхательных путей и повышенной эластичностью легких. В большинстве случаев (n = 86) наблюдался вариант рестриктивных нарушений, названный неклассическим, поскольку он не удовлетворял существующим диагностическим критериям. При использовании рекомендованного к применению алгоритма диагностики рестриктивного типа вентиляционных нарушений продемонстрирована низкая чувствительность (0,42). Основной причиной тому была недостаточная информативность спирометрии – у 80 % больных с неклассическим рестриктивным паттерном жизненной емкости легких показатели оставались в пределах нормальных значений

Peculiarities of electronic heat capacity of thulium cuprates in pseudogap state

Precise calorimetric measurements have been carried out in the 7 - 300 K temperature range on two ceramic samples of thulium 123 cuprates TmBa2Cu3O6.92 and TmBa2Cu3O6.70. The temperature dependence of the heat capacity was analyzed in the region where the pseudogap state (PGS) takes place. The lattice contribution was subtracted from the experimental data. The PGS component has been obtained by comparing electronic heat capacities of two investigated samples because the PGS contribution for the 6.92 sample is negligible. The anomalous behavior of the electronic heat capacity near the temperature boundary of PGS was found. It is supposed that this anomaly is due to peculiarities in N(E) function where N is the density of electronic states and E is the energy of carriers of charge.Comment: 12 pages, 3 Postscript figure

Normal-state resistivity anisotropy in underdoped RBa_2Cu_3O_{6+x} crystals

We have revealed new features in the out-of-plane resistivity rho_c of heavily underdoped RBa_2Cu_3O_{6+x} (R=Tm,Lu) single crystals, which give evidence for two distinct mechanisms contributing the c-axis transport. We have observed a crossover towards "metal-like" (d rho_c/d T > 0) behavior at the temperature T_m which quickly increases with decreasing doping. The "metal-like" conductivity contribution dominates at T < T_m and provides a saturation of the resistivity anisotropy, rho_c / rho_{ab}. The antiferromagnetic ordering is found to block this "metal-like" part of the c-axis conductivity and complete decoupling of CuO_2 planes, which may be the reason of superconductivity disappearance.Comment: RevTex, 4 pages including 4 eps figures. To be published in Phys.Rev.Let

Особенности изменений механики дыхания и условий легочного газообмена у больных гистиоцитозом X легких

Seventy cases of verified pulmonary histiocytosis X (HX) were analysed retrospectively. The patients’ age ranged from 13 to 52 years. There were examined 62 males and 8 females. Standard examination included determination of total and vital capacities (TLC and VC), residual volume (RV), RV/TLC ratio, parameters of forced expiratory maneuver (FEV1, PEF, MEF 25,50,75 and FEV1/VC), the aurway resistance (Raw) and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide using both the single-breath (TOO) and steady-state (DCO) methods. A very few patients (frequency 0.03) had entirely normal test results. RV and RV/TLC indices were increased in 0.71 patients, TOO and DCO indices were decreased in moderate to severe degree in 0.70 patients. Moderate to severe airflow limitation was found in 50% of cases with various TLC and RV/TLC values and with decrease of TCO and DCO in the most of cases (0.86). There was a great variety of measured parameters combinations, such as obstructive, restrictive or mixed patterns. The type and degree of lung function abnormalities varied according to the extent of the granulomatous affection and cysts and bullae formation. As more the fibrosis has progressed, TCO and DCO indices have been decreased. However, as cysts and bullae have been formed, RVДLC ratio has been increased without airflow limitation. Therefore, there were no consistent changes in lung function measurement in pulmonary histiocytosis X patients, but decreased TCO and DCO values without airflow limitation were correlated to the granulomatous fibrosis and the airflow limitation was correlated to the bullous formation. In other cases the TLC decrease evidences the exhaustion of compensatory possibilities of active-functioning pulmonary surface.Ретроспективно проанализированы результаты исследования ОЕЛ и ее структуры, проходимости ДП и ДСЛ у 70 больных (62 мужчины и 8 женщин в возрасте от 13 до 52 лет) с верифицированным диагнозом гистиоцитоза X легких. Отсутствие изменений изучаемых показателей было крайне редким (частота 0,03), у большинства больных было выявлено повышение ООЛ в структуре нормальной ОЕЛ (0,71) и равноценное снижение как ДСЛзд, так и ДСЛус (0,70). НПДП, преимущественно значительные и резкие (0,71), были установлены у 50% больных как при отсутствии, так и при любых вариантах изменения ОЕЛ и ее структуры и в большинстве случаев (0,86) в сочетании со снижением как ДСЛ3д, так и ДСЛус. Изучение сочетаний изменений отдельных показателей выявило большое разнообразие вариантов, что определяется стадийностью развития гистиоцитарных гранулем в легких. Сопоставление их с основными клиническими признаками и результатами рентгенологического обследования позволяет связывать выраженое снижение ДСЛзд и ДСЛус без ухудшения проходимости ДП с преобладанием гранулематозно-фиброзных процессов, развитие на этом фоне НПДП — с деструктивно-буллезной стадией поражения легких. Уменьшение ОЕЛ можно рассматривать в этом контексте как признак истощения компенсаторных возможностей активно функционирующей поверхности легких

Возможности импульсной осциллометрии в диагностике обструкции дыхательных путей легкой степени выраженности

The aim of this study was to investigate a role of impulse oscillometry (IO) for detection of mild bronchial obstruction. Methods. The study involved 87 patients with different respiratory diseases. Bronchial obstruction according to spirometry results was found in 50 patients (the study group). The control group patients did not demonstrate any abnormalities in spirometry, body plethysmography and lung diffusing test. Results. An abnormal increase in frequency-dependent resistive component of respiratory impedance (Rrs) at the oscillation frequency of 5Hrz and 10 Hrz [both the relative oscillation frequency (Rrs5–Rrs20)/Rrs20 and the absolute oscillation frequency (Rrs5–Rrs20)] was found in patients with mild bronchial obstruction. The resonance frequency (fres) shifted towards higher frequency; reactance area (AX) increase and expiratory airflow (DXrs5) limitation were also found in those patients. Rrs5, Rrs20, and the reactive resistance (Xrs5) were within the normal range. Conclusion. Rrs5 и Xrs5 could detect mild bronchial obstruction only in 32 % of the cases. AX is more useful parameter as it increased in 64% of the patients. The severity of bronchial obstruction diagnosed with IO or spirometry was not identical in some cases.Нередко начальным проявлением заболеваний легких являются функциональные нарушения, а именно – нарушение проходимости бронхов. Выявление обструктивного типа вентиляционных расстройств на ранних стадиях является важной клинической задачей, т. к. позволяет своевременно диагностировать болезнь и начать лечение, улучшив тем самым прогноз заболевания. Одним из самых доступных методов, позволяющих выявлять бронхиальную обструкцию, является спирометрия. Необходимое условие проведения спирометрии – правильное выполнение дыхательных маневров, однако при этом требуется хорошая кооперация пациента с медицинским персоналом, что не всегда выполнимо. Импульсная осциллометрия (ИОМ) отличается тем, что измерения осуществляются при спокойном дыхании, активного участия пациента не требуется. Однако остается много неизученных и спорных вопросов, касающихся интерпретации результатов ИОМ. Целью данного исследования явилось изучение возможности ИОМ при диагностике обструкции дыхательных путей легкой степени выраженности. Материалы и методы. Обследованы пациенты (n = 87) с разнообразной бронхолегочной патологией, при этом выявлены вентиляционные нарушения обструктивного типа легкой степени (n = 50). В группе сравнения (n = 37) нарушений по данным спирометрии, бодиплетизмографии и диффузионного теста не отмечено. Результаты. У больных с легкой степенью бронхиальной обструкции, установленной по данным спирометрии, наблюдалось патологическое увеличение частотной зависимости резистивного компонента дыхательного импеданса (Rrs) при частоте осцилляций 5 и 20 Гц (как относительной (Rrs5–Rrs20) / Rrs20, так и абсолютной (Rrs5–Rrs20)), смещение резонансной частоты (fres) в область высоких частот, увеличение площади реактанса (АХ) и экспираторное ограничение потока (DXrs5) при сохранении в пределах нормальных значений Rrs5, Rrs20 и реактивного сопротивления (Xrs5). Заключение. Показано, что при использовании базовых параметров Rrs5 и Xrs5 обструкция легкой степени выраженности, установленная при помощи традиционных функциональных методов, наблюдалась только в 32 % случаев. АХ явился более информативным методом, поскольку изменялся значительно чаще – его увеличение зарегистрировано у 64 % пациентов. Выраженность обструктивных нарушений по данным ИОМ не всегда совпадало с выраженностью нарушений, определяемых при помощи спирометрии