Plowing During the Sangam Period

In ancient days the word labour is connected both with life and land. They believed that their life will be based on the land which they live. They had the best policy. The first grammar book in Tamil is Tolkappiyam and it not only lays down the rules for grammar in writing and speaking but it also tells people how to lead a better life in accordance with nature. Through this text we come to know know that during the Sangam period all industries were based on five types of landforms. All the industries related to life are food production industry and material production industry. Apart from these, other industries also existed in ancient times. Valluvar's in his poem states that there is no world for those who do not have material things. Material is essential for life. The production, accumulation and distribution of goods depends on the economic system of a society. Economy deals with the production that take place in a country and trading the left over to other countrie

Security Aspects of Mobile Based E Wallet

An Electronic-wallet(e-wallet) is an electronic application that enables online e-commerce transactions like purchasing goods, paying utility bills, transferring money, booking flight etc. with a financial gadget (credit card/digital currency) using smart phones or computers. Electronic wallet is a very young concept that has taken on consumer psyche rapidly. Post Demonetization resulted in sudden surge in the customer base of e wallet companies. In the current scenario, it is easy for individual to download an e wallet app to make their e-payments conveniently. Since the transactions are done through mobile, it is preferred by most of the people for their online and offline cash transactions. It is gaining the attention due to its unique advantageous features. This paper tries answer for certain queries related to operational procedure of e wallet, kinds of e wallet and concluded with the security issues of e wallet

Information and Communication-Based Collaborative Learning and Behavior Modeling Using Machine Learning Algorithm

Rapid growth of smart phone industries has led people to use more technology and thus aided in adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) in educational purposes for enhancing students? performance. This chapter shows that students use social media platform or virtual environment for learning, especially in Open University or online learning system. In such environment, the students? drop rate is extremely high. This work primarily aims at reducing students? dropout or students? fails to finish course within prerequisite time using student behavior styles. For addressing research problems, this research aims in building efficient student behavior learning model for improving the performance of student applying machine learning (ML) models. The behavior extraction and study have been carried utilizing decision tree (DT) ML algorithm. Further, a model has been proposed for provisioning student contextual information to different students utilizing VLE platform interaction (collaborative learning) using DT algorithm which considered bagging. The DT with bagging is an ensemble learning (EL) model that depicts bootstrap aggregating (BA), which is modeled for enhancing accuracies and stabilities of every distinct predictive trees. Bagging aids DT in influencing overfitting problems and minimizes its variance. The proposed method is efficient in extracting learning styles and intrinsic behavior of students

CONTROL OF Z-SOURCE INVERTER USING ADVANCED FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL FOR PV SYSTEM APPLICATIONS

The Z-source inverter (ZSI) has some advantages and suitable for all the Photo Voltaic (PV) system. This paper deals with a new topology for all ZSI with battery for PV power generation and distribution system. Thus the battery is connected parallel to one of the capacitors in Z-Source (ZS) network, instead of involving an additional DC/DC converter. This system builds all the advantages of ZSI. The operating principle of the new topology is designed and the design scheme of the ZS network is explained and also closed-loop control strategy for the proposed system is analyzed to manage the three power flow of PV panel, grid, and battery in the system. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) has been implemented in the ZSI with battery based PV system by using the proposed control strategy. Different modes of operation are simulated. Simulation for this proposed system using fuzzy logic control technique is completely analyzed through the MATLAB/SIMULINK software

ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF BAUHINIA VAHLII Wt. and Arn. (CAESALPINIACEAE) ROOT – A BOTANICAL SOURCE FOR THE AYURVEDA DRUG MURVA

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of Bauhinia vahlii Wt. and Arn. (Caesalpiniaceae) root, a botanical source for Murva (Ayurveda drug). Methods: Ethanol extract of B. vahlii root (EEBVR) and aqueous extract of B. vahlii root (AEBVR) prepared were subjected for acute toxicity study adopting Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines. Antidiabetic property of EEBVR and AEBVR was screened against Streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The diabetic animals were administered with standard drug glibenclamide (0.5 mg/kg), EEBVR (200 and 400 mg/kg), and AEBVR (200 and 400 mg/kg) for 21 days. Fasting blood glucose, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, liver malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, and glycogen were estimated along with pancreatic histological analysis. Results: EEBVR (400 mg/kg) exerted a marked antidiabetic activity among the extracts at the tested doses, as evidenced by considerable reversal of biochemical parameters that were well supported by the histopathological interpretation of pancreas. Conclusion: This study confirms the antidiabetic potential of B. vahlii root and also its traditional claim in the use of DM

Performance of frame with Viscoelastic Dampers as an Alternative to Coupled Shear Wall

706-710Coupled shear wall is one of the widely adopted lateral force resisting structural scheme for earthquake resistant design. On the other hand, numerous research activities are carried out for passive energy dissipation with different types of damping devices for damage mitigation of structures due to earthquake. In the present study, performance of twenty storey coupled shear wall building has been compared with performance of the same building wherein the coupled shear walls at the edges are replaced with frames with viscoelastic dampers(VED). Ten different cases with viscoelastic dampers varying in number and position are considered and linear dynamic time history analysis are carried out for four different earthquakes. From the responses obtained from linear time history analyses, all the configurations are observed to give equivalent response as that of building with shear wall case. Further to assess the performance of different configurations in nonlinear range, nonlinear static analyses are carried out and capacity curves are obtained. From the comparisons of results, building with viscoelastic devices are observed to be having more ductility and lesser base shear demand compared to building with coupled shearwall and hence VED can be adopted as an alternative to coupled shear wall

Proprioception Impairment and Treatment Approaches in Pediatrics

In children problems like trauma and injuries are quite obvious. Other problems related to sensory system dysfunction are identified at the later stages of the child due to lack of awareness of the sensory integration problems which is not obvious. Some children have behavioral problems and some are poor at the school which is related to each other finally cause trouble to perform their daily routine. Early identification and intervention play a major role in improving the ability and development of the proprioceptive senses. Hence this chapter will introduce the new aspect of proprioception sense and its dysfunction. It would enhance you to identify the problems and understand the challenges that the child come across due to increase or decrease in proprioceptive input. We will be able to help them to overcome these challenges and frame a treatment strategy and help them to lead a successful life

Prevalence of Carotid Artery Stenosis in Acute Ischaemic Stroke Patients

SUMMARY: 1. 75 Acute ischaemic stroke patients with CT-Brain showing infarcts were taken for the study. 2. Age, Sex, History of DM, HT, Smoking, FBS and Fasting lipid profile were recorded for the subjects. 3. They were subjected to Doppler Ultrasonography of the carotid arteries which is a cost effective and non-invasive method to detect atherosclerotic plaque, carotid stenosis and to measure the degree of stenosis. 4. 35 patients had carotid stenosis. The prevalence of carotid stenosis in our study was 46%. The prevalence of mild, moderate and severe stenosis were 17%, 16% and 13% respectively. 5. The distribution of carotid stenosis was equal on both sides and ICA (71%) was the common site of atherosclerotic plaque and stenosis. 6. There was a statistically significant correlation between increasing age, male gender, smoking, DM, HT, and Hyperlipidemia and the prevalence of carotid stenosis. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Carotid stenosis is one of the common causes of ischaemic stroke. 2. About 46% of ischaemic stroke patients had carotid stenosis in our study. 3. The prevalence of carotid stenosis increases with increase in age, male gender, smoking, DM, HT & Hyper lipidemia. 4. DM, HT, Smoking & Hyperlipidemia act as risk factors for carotid stenosis. Hence patients with DM, HT & Hyperlipidemias should have their carotid arteries screened to detect asymptomatic carotid stenosis and if present, should have their blood glucose, blood pressure and lipids under control and should be started on antiplatelet drugs and statins for plaque regression and for primary prevention of stroke. 5. Patients with stroke who have carotid stenosis (symptomatic carotid stenosis) are prone for recurrence of stroke. They should be advised to control the risk factors for carotid stenosis and should be started on anti platelet drugs and statins. Carotid endarterectomy should be done in selected cases for secondary prevention of stroke. 6. A simple, non invasive screening procedure like Doppler sonography of the carotid arteries in high risk individuals could therefore have profound diagnostic and therapeutic implications in predicting and preventing a potentially fatal and devastating stroke