Digital Image Processing for Camera Application in Mobile Devices Using Artificial Neural Networks

This paper utilizes artificial neural networks based image processing techniques for low capacity and resource constrained devices like mobile phones for camera applications. The system is trained to develop the operating matrix, called the function matrix, by using artificial neural network theory, from a sample input and output image matrix. This is done when the system is in idle mode. After having obtained the function matrix, it can be very conveniently operated upon any other input image matrix by simple multiplication to obtain the desired modification in the input image in real time. Computer simulation results are provided to prove the concept. Keywords: image processing, artificial neural networks, mobile devices, camera applicatio

Sigmoid perforation caused by an ingested chicken bone presenting as right iliac fossa pain mimicking appendicitis: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Gastrointestinal perforation due to a foreign body is not unknown. The foreign body often mimics another cause of acute abdomen and requires emergency surgical intervention. The majority of patients do not recall ingesting the foreign body. Perforations have been reported to occur in a pathologically abnormal colon.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report an interesting case of a 47-year-old Caucasian man who had a perforation of the sigmoid colon caused by an ingested chicken bone mimicking acute appendicitis. Our patient presented with right iliac fossa pain and local tenderness. When a laparotomy was performed, a chicken bone was found protruding through the sigmoid colon, which was found to lie in the right iliac fossa, thus mimicking acute appendicitis. Our case is different from previously reported cases in that perforation occurred in a non-pathological colon.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our case emphasises the fact that the operating surgeon has to be aware of various differential diagnostic possibilities which mimic acute appendicitis. This has implications on the training of junior surgeons who are often involved in performing these procedures, and may do so out of hours. Care needs to be taken while obtaining consent for the necessary operation.</p

Controlling Access To Conserve Qos In Autonomous Network Using Network Simulator

Continuous applications made a requirement for system Quality of Service (QoS). This significance prompted the improvement of self-sufficient systems that utilization versatile bundle directing with the end goal to give the most ideal QoS. Affirmation Control (AC) is a system which makes those systems a pace further in ensuring bundle conveyance even under strict QoS imperatives. QoS all through the time of every single acknowledged association in the system. The effect that the new call will have, on the QoS of both the new and the current clients, is assessed by sending test parcels and checking the systems. The choice of whether to acknowledge another call is made utilizing a novel math of QoS measurements, encourage by Warshall's calculation, which searches for a way with adequate QoS values that can oblige the new stream. The fundamental scientific standards and present trial results acquired by assessing the strategy in an expansive research center proving ground working the Self-Aware Cognitive Packet Network (CPN) convention

Characterization of free and immobilized (S)-aminotransferase for acetophenone production

Enzyme immobilization often improves process economics, but changes in kinetic properties may also occur. The immobilization of a recombinant thermostable (S)-aminotransferase was made by entrapment on calcium alginate-3% (w/v)-and tested with (S)-(-)-(α)-methylbenzylamine for acetophenone production. The best immobilization results were obtained for beads of concentration of 10 mg of spray-dried cells (containing recombinant (S)-aminotransferase) per milliliter of sodium alginate bead. As a result of immobilization, the properties of immobilized spray-dried cells differed from the properties of free spray-dried cells. V m for the immobilized enzyme was between 0.08 and 0.09 mM/min, while the V m for free enzyme was 0.06-0.07 mM/min. K m values differed for immobilized and free spray-dried cells by a factor of between 3 and 5 for (S)-(-)-(α)- methylbenzylamine (6.05 mM for immobilized, 1.78 mM for free) and pyruvate (5.0 mM for immobilized, 1.01 mM for free) at 55°C. Optimum pH values were 7.7 and 8.1 for the free spray-dried cells and the immobilized formulation, respectively. The maximum activity for free spray-dried cells was measured at 55°C, whereas for immobilized ones, it was at 60°C. Activation and deactivation energy values for free spray-dried cells were 15.13 and 41.73 kcal/mol, while those for immobilized spray-dried cells were 8.86 and 48.88 kcal/mol, respectively. Overall, as a result of immobilization, an increase in V m was measured for the (S)-aminotransferase by 28 to 33% with respect to free enzyme; K m increased by a factor of three- to fivefold and had a shift of 5°C in optimum temperature, and the activation energy was 41% lower than the activation energy of free (S)-aminotransferase. © 2007 Springer-Verlag

Origin of Dual Photoluminescence States in ZnS–CuInS₂ Alloy Nanostructures

ZnS–CuInS₂ (ZCIS) alloy nanostructures are becoming increasingly important materials because of their photoluminescence properties. Here we explore the emission properties of ZCIS quantum dots (QDs) capped with dodecanethiol, which exhibit Zn:Cu-dependent emission properties. Absorption and photoluminescence excitation spectra indicate a single, composition-independent light absorbing state. The emission spectra point out the existence of two emissive states with lifetimes of ∼10 ns and ∼100 ns. The photoluminescence and time-resolved emission analysis provide insight into the synergy between the two intraband states and the possibility of modulating the emission through variation in the Zn/Cu ratio. Better understanding of light absorbing and emission mechanisms in alloyed nanostructures is essential for future development of photoelectric and display devices

Improved activity and thermostability of (S)-aminotransferase by error-prone polymerase chain reaction for the production of a chiral amine

The evolution of a mesophilic aminotransferase, isolated from Athrobacter citreus, to a thermostable aminotransferase was accomplished via error-prone PCR. After three rounds of mutagenesis, a mutant was generated that decreased the biocatalyst loading 3-fold. This improved biocatalyst was engineered further and a new mutant was isolated that was capable of the same performance with 5-fold reduction in biocatalyst loading. Overall, the best mutant (#6) enabled a 3-fold reduction in biocatalyst loading, almost a 5-fold increase in product concentration, and a 5-fold reduction in process cycle time. Through these rounds of mutagenesis enzyme specific activity improved from 5.9 to 1582.8 IU/g with an overall improvement in product yield due to reduced biocatalyst loading. The new mutants were also able to operate at temperatures greater than 50 °C for an extended period of time. A simple cost model was developed to describe the impact of enzyme improvement on product cost. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Devices: Beyond Alignment of Energy Levels

Multinary semiconductor nanoparticles such as CuInS₂, AgInS₂, and the corresponding alloys with ZnS hold promise for designing future quantum dot light-emitting devices (QLED). The QLED architectures require matching of energy levels between the different electron and hole transport layers. In addition to energy level alignment, conductivity and charge transfer interactions within these layers determine the overall efficiency of QLED. By employing CuInS₂–ZnS QDs we succeeded in fabricating red-emitting QLED using two different hole-transporting materials, polyvinylcarbazole and poly­(4-butylphenyldiphenylamine). Despite the similarity of the HOMO–LUMO energy levels of these two hole transport materials, the QLED devices exhibit distinctly different voltage dependence. The difference in onset voltage and excited state interactions shows the complexity involved in selecting the hole transport materials for display devices