Figs (Ficus Carica L.): cultivation method and production based in Malaysia

Ficus (Moraceae) is a tree or shrub natively originated from East Asia countries such as Middle East and Turkey. However, determination of the most suitable cultivation method in Malaysia has becoming one of the major concerns in figs industry. This is because figs can be easily found in cold and temperate regions compared to the equator regions. Therefore, this paper will discuss on the method of figs cultivation and its production based on the market demands in Malaysia. Simple propagation methods such as cutting, and layering are the most recommended method used for cultivating the fig trees. As for the production, figs are mainly processed as food such as jam, tea, dipping sauce, spaghetti sauce and dried processed food or available fresh. It is also used in traditional medicine as it is claimed to be good remedies in treating severe health problem such reducing blood sugar level and gastrointestinal problem

Propagation methods, agronomic practices and fruit production of Durio zibethinus L. in Malaysia : A review

Durio zibethinus L. (Durian) is a popular tropical fruit widely cultivated in Southeast Asian countries such as Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia. It is renowned for its unique, intense aromatic fruits. Malaysia has been recognised as one of the world’s leading exporters of durian, particularly to China, owing to the cultivars that suit the taste of consumers both locally and abroad. This paper aims to provide information for future research in identification of cultivars, taxonomic identification, nutrient content and its utilisation from every plant parts. Local communities interests in durian plantation might benefit from this review as it highlighted useful recent agronomic practices and methods of propagation that help in assisting to improve yield of durian and market value. As the durian industry in Malaysia has acquired a great deal of interest in the local as well as international market, this review may also be beneficial to the entire community to obtain a more in-depth understanding of D. zibethinus

Fruit morphology of Durio zibethinus L. in Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Background: Jelebu is one of Negeri Sembilan districts of Malaysia, famous for its wide variety of D. zibethinus. It is also recognized as the top hotspot area for consumers looking for genuine Durian Kampung. This study aimed at discovering and recording significant morphological data in identification and classification of D. zibethinus fruit in Jelebu. Methods: Fifty-three accessions of durian were observed from January 2020 to September 2020 in accordance with Malaysia’s Department of Agriculture guidelines. Result: Forty-one parameters were compiled and divided into two primary morphological data sets: external and internal structures. Size, shape, color and aril characteristics of fruits were several engrossing parameters for identifying and classifying D. zibethinus varieties. Fruit weight varies between 665 g and 2.7 kg, depending on size. The results also revealed six different variants in the fruit shape and color. Aril characteristics included a variety of aril color and thickness ranging from 0.23 cm to 1.17 cm. Therefore, this research revealed that external and internal morphological data from durian fruits were valuable for recognizing and categorizing D. zibethinus Jelebu variants

A review on medicinal uses of genus Durio

This paper presented a review study on the medicinal uses of the Durio (fam: Malvaceae) from traditional and modern medicinal perspectives throughout the world. To date, numerous uses of Durio species have been recorded and recognized worldwide, although they originated from Asian countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines. In this review, the usefulness of Durio species as treatment for dietary properties, fertility problems, skin care treatment, mouth, and stomach treatment has been discussed. Moreover, in the modern studies, Durio species has been identified as source of antioxidant, able to inhibit bacteria strains, and fever treatment. The rind of Durio is widely used for medical purposes, and the mode of administration is diverse, either orally or externally. Durio zibethinus L. has been found to be the most popular species studied for its medical benefits, because the fruit is consumed fresh for its delicious, sweet, and distinctive taste, in addition to its robust aroma. In conclusion, the results of the Durio species review can be employed as a reference for the development of modern medicine

Leaf architecture and genome size variation of Durio zibethinus L. from Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Durio zibethinus L. is known as the “king of fruit” in Malaysia. Meanwhile, Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan has always become the top choice district to visit for durian lover for its Durian Kampung Jelebu, which possessed good quality on par with top D. zibethinus clones such as D197 Musang King and D24. However, there is still lacking in taxonomic data of D. zibethinus especially from Jelebu. This study aimed to analyse the leaf architecture and genome size variations of selected D. zibethinus accessions from Jelebu. Five D. zibethinus accessions from Jelebu were examined. Thirty-seven parameters of gross leaf morphological characteristics and leaf venation pattern were observed and recorded for identification and classification of D. zibethinus accessions from Jelebu. Seven parameters have been recorded which are petiole length, petiole features, leaf size, leaf shape, leaf base shape, lower leaf surface colour and areolation could be used in differentiating between accessions. Results of this study showed the intraspecific variations existed among D. zibethinus accessions from Jelebu with a genome size varying between 1.7433 pg and 1.800 pg. In conclusion, data on leaf architecture and genome size variations from D. zibethinus accessions are beneficial for early plant identification and classification

A review: potential of Durio Zibethinus L. (Durian) waste

The fresh arils of durian fruits contained approximately one-third of the fruit's total weight; the remainder of the fruit, including the rinds and seeds, is considered waste. As a result, researchers investigated and studied the potential for these wastes to be processed into products or value-added products in various industries. This review aimed to discuss the potential for waste products of D. zibethinus to be converted into value- added products in a variety of areas. An extensive literature study was done on various search engines. Related previous research was selected for discovering the potential of D. zibethinus waste. This review found four fields of studies that gained interest in the invention of value-added products by using D. zibethinus waste, including activated carbon precursor, bio-composite product, bio-based polymer product, and bioethanol production. As Malaysia is growing in the food waste industry, more study needs to be done to successfully invent new value-added products from D. zibethinus waste such as rind and seed. The effort of this study could help in reducing unused D. zibethinus waste

Morphological structures of rhizophora apiculata blume. and rhizophora mucronata lam.

Research on the morphological structures of R. apiculata and R. mucronata was carried out in three different regions from July to December 2018. The research aimed at observing and documenting the morphological structure of R. apiculata and R. mucronata. Samples were collected from selected locations in Peninsular Malaysia. Subsequently, samples were processed as herbarium vouchers. The vegetative and reproductive structures of both species were observed and identified. 55 morphological features were recorded and annotated as result of this research. The research revealed that vegetative and reproductive structures could differentiate R. mucronata from R. apiculata. According to this research, there were no significant differences in the morphological structures of R. apiculata and R. mucronata from three different locations. As a consequence, the data acquired in this research would be valuable for future studies on Rhizophora species

A review on medicinal uses of genus Durio

This paper presented a review study on the medicinal uses of the Durio (fam: Malvaceae) from traditional and modern medicinal perspectives throughout the world. To date, numerous uses of Durio species have been recorded and recognized worldwide, although they originated from Asian countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines. In this review, the usefulness of Durio species as treatment for dietary properties, fertility problems, skin care treatment, mouth, and stomach treatment has been discussed. Moreover, in the modern studies, Durio species has been identified as source of antioxidant, able to inhibit bacteria strains, and fever treatment. The rind of Durio is widely used for medical purposes, and the mode of administration is diverse, either orally or externally. Durio zibethinus L. has been found to be the most popular species studied for its medical benefits, because the fruit is consumed fresh for its delicious, sweet, and distinctive taste, in addition to its robust aroma. In conclusion, the results of the Durio species review can be employed as a reference for the development of modern medicine

Trichome morphology of Durio zibethinus L

Knowledge regarding taxonomy such as plant species trichome morphology has developed significantly in recent years, which deals with the classification of an organism according to its similarity and variance. It offers vitally important knowledge for most plant classification systems, such as Durian varieties. The Durian is one of Malaysia's famous and sought after fruits. Therefore, this taxonomic study will serve as a complementary tool to the D. zibethinus variation assessment. Hence, this research was aimed at scrutinizing the trichome morphology variation of D. zibethinus. Samples of D. zibethinus leaves were collected from Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan and Jabatan Pertanian Bukit Goh, Kuantan, Pahang and kept as herbarium vouchers. Observation on trichome morphology was carried out by using a light microscope. The analysis revealed variations of trichome morphology in terms of its presence, morphological characteristics and trichome types. On the upper and lower surfaces of the D. zibethinus leaves, non-glandular trichome (lepidote trichome, stellate trichome, and simple trichome) is densely covered. Glandular trichome does not present in all accessions. To sum up, trichome morphology may be used in D. zibethinus identification process

A preliminary checklist of mangrove species and its associates in Cherating, Kuantan, Pahang

This study aims to provide a preliminary checklist of mangrove species and their associates in Cherating, Kuantan, Pahang. The findings provided in this study were obtained at the designated sampling location in Cherating, Kuantan, Pahang. The samples were pressed, dried and mounted on herbarium sheet before being processed into herbarium voucher specimens. All specimens were deposited in the Herbarium Department of Plant Science, International Islamic University Malaysia. A significant outcome of this research was the identification and documentation of a diverse range of mangrove species in the Cherating region. This study successfully recorded 20 species that are classified as true mangroves and an additional 16 species that are recognised as associates of mangroves. This comprehensive list of species represents a crucial step forward in understanding the mangrove ecosystem in Cherating. The implications of these findings are substantial, particularly in terms of their potential utility for future scientific inquiries and environmental conservation efforts of the vital mangrove ecosystem