Impact of obesity on urologic complications among unrelated living donor kidney transplants

Purpose: Although obesity has been associated with improved survival on dialysis, its effects on renal transplantation outcomes remain unclear. Herein we aimed to evaluate the effect of obesity on posttransplantation complications. Patients and methods: A retrospective analysis of consecutive renal transplant recpients from un related living donors was undertaken from 2006 to 2008. Results: We included 180 patients, 34 (18) were obese (body mass index >30 kg/m2) and 146 were lean. Obese patients were more likely to develope renal artery stenosis (17.6 vs 2.8, p < 0.001), hematoma (47.9 vs 17.6, p = 0.009), wound complications (64.7 vs 9.6, P < 0.001) and renal vein thrombosis(2 vs 0, p < 0.001). Urologic complications consisting ureteral, ureteropelvic and ureterovesicular junction stenosis, wound bleeding, urinary leakage and renal artery thrombosis and also hospitalization time were found similar between the two groups. 2 year patiets and graft survival were not statististically different. Conclusions: Renal transplantation could be performed with reasonable urologic complications in obese patients © 2010 Association of Surgeons of India

Hydrocarbon source rocks in Kazhdumi and Pabdeh formations—a quick outlook in Gachsaran oilfield, SW Iran

Geochemical study of Kazhdumi and Pabdeh Formations as potential source rocks in Gachsaran Oilfield demonstrates that the Kazhdumi Formation has a fair to good capability of hydrocarbon generation and predominately contains type II-III kerogen. On the other hand, the Pabdeh Formation has a poor to good petroleum potential and contains different kerogen types, including type II, type II-III, type III and even for one sample, type IV, indicating different depositional conditions for this formation. The geochemical log of the Kazhdumi Formation shows that there is a close correlation between different geological parameters as noticed prominently in well number 55, which suggests the more extensive the anoxic condition, the higher the petroleum potential is for Kazhdumi Formation. By contrast, a poor correlation between TOC and other Rock–Eval-derived parameters for the Pabdeh Formation at a depth of more than 2100 m may demonstrate the inert organic matter and mineral matrix effects at this depth interval. However, biomarkers show differences in lithology and depositional environment for the Kazhdumi Formation in well numbers 55 and 83. On the other hand, the Pabdeh Formation has a mixed lithology (carbonate-shale) deposited in a marine setting under suboxic–anoxic condition. Moreover, thermal maturity indicators suggest that Pabdeh and Kazhdumi Formations are immature and early mature, respectively

Necrotizing fungal osteomyelitis and fingolimod, 4 years after treatment with fingolimod

Fingolimod has been the first approved oral medication in MS for its relapsing remitting type. It is a non-selective sphingosine1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator on lymphocytes. Engagement of this receptor blocks the T cells and B cells migration from the lymph nodes into the inflamed central nervous system (CNS) via bloodstream. In spite of this known immunomodulatory mechanism, there are some reports about serious infection following the initiation of fingolimod therapy like herpes types or infections associated to the immunosuppressed situation (cryptococcal meningitis, primary cutaneous cryptococcosis and visceral leishmaniasis). To the best of our knowledge, in contrary to many reports about opportunistic or serious infections with fingolimod, there has been no report on fungal osteomyelitis associated to fingolimod until now. Here, we aimed to describe a woman who developed necrotizing fungal osteomyelitis four years after starting fingolimod, as a disease modifying drug for MS. © 2020 Elsevier B.V

Wound Healing Effect of Aqueous Extract of Rhus Coriaria in Rat

Introduction: Wound healing is one of the most complicated biological events after birth that causes dead tissue replace with new one. Any defect in wound healing, can lead to chronic skin disorders causing severe loss of quality of life and even death. So far, a drug that could effectively promote and advance the natural process of wound healing in the body, has not been introduced. Treatment of wounds and burns, is still one major issue, even in developed countries. Due to importance and value of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on wound healing, and the presence of these activities in some medicinal plants, in this study, the healing effects of aqueous extract of &nbsp;Rhus coriaria fruit, was examined. &nbsp; Materials and Methods: After creating a full-thickness skin wound on the back of 45 male Sprague-Dawley rats, they were randomly divided into three groups: treatment, control or positive control. After 24 hours, the treatment group received 0.5 gram of the fruit extract, the positive control group treated with 2%mupirocin ointment&nbsp; and the control group received no treatment. Wound healing rates were calculated on days 0, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12 and 15 post-wounding and the wound tissues were harvested at 5, 10, and 15 days for histological and biochemical analysis. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was used to determine the anti-oxidant and anti- inflamatory activity of the pklant extract. The results were statistically analysed using SPSS software. Results: The percentage of the wound contraction was significantly increased in days 10, 12 and 15 in the treated group compared to the control group(P<0.01). A significant increase in the assigned histological scores was observed at days 10 and 15&nbsp; in the treated group compared to the control group (P<0.005 and P<0.05 respectively). This extract significantly decreased the MPO activity 10 days after treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion: These data provide evidence that Rhus coriaria extract accelerates cutaneous wound healing and its effect may be due to the increased re-epithelialization, collagen deposition and decreased MPO activity and oxidative damage in wound and so it can be used as a therapeutic agent for wound healing

Evaluation of drug and alcohol abuse in people aged 15 years and older in Iran

Background: Drug addiction is known as one of the health, medical and social problems of the present cen-tury. Beyond the harmful physical and mental consequences for addicts, drug abuse can cause serious social problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate drug and alcohol abuse in individuals aged 15 yr and over in Iran in 2015. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done on individuals aged 15 yr and older who lived in urban and rural areas of Iran. Overall, 36,600 individuals were selected by systematic and cluster random sampling. The postal code was used to access the samples in 31 provinces of Iran. In each province 1200 individuals (50 men, 50 women) were evaluated. The used instrument was the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), and data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The results showed 4.6 of individuals used Opium and its derivatives, 0.4 used Cannabis, 0.4 used Amphetamine stimulants, 6.1 used Sedative drugs, and 2.6 used Alcoholic beverages on a regular basis. Within the last 12 months, 3.9 of individuals used Opium and its derivatives, 0.4 used Cannabis, 0.3 used Amphetamine stimulants, 5.8 used Sedative drugs, and 1.9 used Alcoholic beverages. With the exception of Sedatives drugs men used more drugs than women and residents of rural areas used more opium and its derivatives than other groups of drugs. Based on the provincial distribution, Kerman and Qom used the highest and lowest prevalence percentage of Opium and its derivatives respectively. Conclusion: Overall, 2340000 individuals were addicts used Opium and its derivatives in 2015, therefore, medical and health officials should take all necessary measures to deal with these serious social problems. © 2020, Iranian Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved