The study of association between reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1) polymorphism and non-syndromic cleft lip/palate in Iranian population

Introduction: Cleft lip/palate is one of the most common congenital defects and is supposed to have multifactorial etiology, including a complex interaction between genetics and environment. Reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1) gene takes part in folate transportation within the cells. In this study, the association of A80G polymorphism in the RFC1 gene with the non-syndromic cleft lip/palate (nsCL/P) was investigated in Iranian infants for the first time. Methods: In this case-control survey, 122 Iranian infants with nsCL/P and 164 healthy infants were investigated for RFC1 polymorphism by PCR and RFLP methods. The results were statistically compared with control group, odds ratios with 95% CI were estimated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression model and a P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The RFC1 G allele was significantly higher (P=0.001; OR=7, 95% CI: 4.7-10.2) in the cases (60.3%) compared with the controls (17.9%). Not only the RFC1 AG genotype was significantly higher (P<0.001; OR=44, 95% CI: 14.6-133) in cases (67.8%) than the controls (27.4%), but also GG genotype (P<0.001; OR=85, 95% CI: 20.5-352) was much higher in cases (26.4%) than the controls (4.3%). Conclusion: Our study indicated that the RFC1 (A80G) polymorphism was associated with the nsCL/P in Iranian population. Moreover, 80GG homozygosity was significant in the cases. The presence of G allele can be considered as a risk factor for the nsCL/P. Infants with the GG and AG genotypes were more prone to cleft lip/palate as compared to the AA ones. This finding emphasizes the role of RFC1 gene and the intracellular levels of folate

Lexical cohesive Ties in “Alsab’ Alawiyat” Poems by Ibn abi al-Hadid: The First Poem as an Example

إنّ السبك المعجمي، بوصفه أهمّ أبعاد التماسك النصي، ينحو إلی دراسة الترابط بين العناصر المعجمية المؤلّفة للنص وكيفية تضافرها علی تحقيق خاصية الاستمرارية له، لأنّ المفردات المعجمية هي اللبنات الأولی في بناء نظام النص التي تحمل في طياتها الدلالات المتعلقة بالسياق؛ كذلك إنّها تتيح للنص إمكانية التوليد والتأثير. إنّ مجموعة "قصائد السبع العلويات" لابن أبي الحديد بوصفها كنزاً من خزانة التراث الشعري القديم، تعدّ مجالاً خصباً لتطبيق معايير السبك المعجمي لوحدة غرضها وحسن انتقاء ألفاظها. استناداً إلی هذه الأهمية اخترنا القصيدة الأولی من هذه المجموعة لكونها باباً تنفتح بها مدائح الشاعر لأمير المؤمنين عليه السلام، ومطلعاً قوياً تتصل به القصائد الأخری. لقد تطرّق هذا البحث إلی الكشف عن أبرز آليّات السبك المعجمي في هذه القصيدة وتحليل دورها الوظيفي في تماسكها حسب رأي هاليدي- بوصفه رائد هذا الاتجاه- بتطبيق أصوله علی النص معتمداً علی الإحصاء؛ وغايته وراء ذلك إنارة كيفية تلاحم هذه العناصر في ترسيم لوحات النص الفنية واستعياب الفكرة الأساسية له، بتحليل شواهد مختارة من أبياته في إطار المنهج الوصفي- التحليلي. فقد ظهر من خلال دراستنا هذه، أنّ القصيدة الأولی نسيج متكامل محكم السبك مبني علی شبكة من العلاقات المعجمية التي تحمل في أحضانها معنی كلياً للقصيدة وتشكل صورها الفنية. هكذا فإنّ ظاهرتي التكرار بأنواعها والمصاحبة المعجمية بأهمّ فروعها، بجانب دورهما الفني الباهر في إضفاء مسحة جمالية مؤثرة علی النص، أدّتا وظيفتهما في استمرارية النص من خلال التبئير، كما حقّقتا التماسك التصويري للنص منذ بداية القصيدة حتّی نهايتها لتحقيق غاية القصيدة الأساسية وهي مدح الإمام علي (ع).Lexical cohesion -the most prominent aspect of textual cohesion- study the interrelationships between the lexical elements that make up the text and their combination for achieving the features of textual continuity, because the words are the first bricks of text structure, which contain concepts related to the context and also allow the text to be produced and influenced. Due to its integrity of the subjects and its skillful selection of words, the "Alawiat" poems of Ibn abi al-Hadid as a valuable work of ancient poetry, is considered a rich source for studying criteria of lexical cohesion. It is noteworthy that the first poem was chosen, because it is a powerful beginning to which other poems in this collection are related. Therefore, the study identified the most prominent mechanisms of lexical cohesion in the first poem and analyzed their function in its cohesion, relying on statistics based on Holliday theory. It aims to clarify how these elements cooperate in the artistic illustration of the texts and receive its main meaning by analyzing selected verses with a descriptive-analytical approach. During the studies, it was concluded that the first poem is a fully integrated text made up of lexical relations that contains the main meaning of the poem and its images. Therefore, the two elements of reiteration and collocation have their unique role in text continuity and creating an aesthetic sense in the text. Moreover, they achieved the visual coherence of the text in order to get the main goal of the poem

Assistive Technology: Use and Service Delivery

As individuals with long-term disabilities and other older adults face declines in health and function, there is a greater need for assistive technology (AT) or assistive devices and environmental interventions (EI) to help them maintain their independence and community participation. These aids can help older adults and individuals with disabilities function in work, home, recreational, and other community settings as they encounter age related or disability related changes. Assistive Technology refers to products, devices or equipment that are used to maintain, increase or improve the functional capabilities of people with disabilities. A thorough assessment of the individual’s preferences and needs must be conducted before an assistive device is obtained. If one type of device is inadequate to meet an individual’s needs, it should not be assumed that there are no viable alternatives. Individuals’ use of AT and the type of technology used may change over time or as they age. Low-tech aids, such as canes or walkers, or high-tech aids, such as manual or power wheelchairs or scooters, are used to help individuals achieve mobility. Assistive Technologies to aid in communication currently range from low-tech devices such as books to high-tech, augmentative communication devices, which are computers. Computer technology can help individuals become more independent and can enhance their ability to overcome a wide range of limitations. Accessibility can involve more than architectural structure. AT for use in the environment can also increase individuals’ ability to function within their environment. Advancements in AT will occur in the technology itself, the services associated with the technology, and in the government policies and programs relative to AT. There will more widespread use of universal design, with less special-purpose AT required

Accessibility to the Public Facilities: A Mean to Achieve Civil Rights of the People with Disabilities in Iran

Objectives: Civil rights may cover different aspects of citizens’ lives. All the members of the society should have equal access to the public facilities and public transportation system. Barriers and obstacles in society may limit the accessibility of these facilities to the disabled people. Methods: This article contains a part of the results in a phenomenological study of the Disability Rights. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe experiences of disability rights among 11 physically disabled that were living in Tehran, Iran. The study involves secondary analysis of in-depth transcribed interview data, using colazzi’s method. Results: A total of 655 descriptive expressions were categorized in to 25 preliminary structural elements (sub themes). 7 essential structural elements (themes) emerged from an analysis of the sub themes. One of these themes was right to access which was emerged from an analysis of 6 sub themes. Discussion: Disabled people who participated in the interviews. These sub themes that were obtained from an analysis of descriptive expressions of the participants, are: right to access to housing, right to access to education and information, right to access to job facilities, right to access to medical care and rehabilitation, right to access to rest, leisure and sport and right to access to places and transportation system. The right to access theme, was then categorized in to the civil rights field. In this article we will describe the right to access as it was experienced by those physically

Parental cigarette smoking, transforming growth factor-alpha gene variant and the risk of orofacial cleft in Iranian infants

Objective(s):We investigated the influence of genetic variation of the transforming growth-factor alpha (TGFA) locus on the relationship between smoking and oral clefts. Materials and methods:In this study 105 Iranian infants with non-syndromic cleft lip/palate and 218 controls with non-cleft birth defects were examined to test for associations among maternal exposures, genetic markers, and oral clefts. Maternal and parental smoking histories during pregnancy were obtained through questionnaire. DNA was extracted from newborn screening blood samples, and genotyping of the BamHI polymorphism in the TGFA gene was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods. A number of factors including gender of the newborns, type of oral cleft, consanguinity of the parents, as well as the mother’s age and education were evaluated as potential confounders and effect modifiers. Results: Maternal smoking, in the absence of paternal smoking, was associated with an increased risk for CL/P (OR = 19.2, 95% CI = [(6.2-59.5)])   and cleft palate only (OR =48.7, 95% CI = [(8-29.3)]). If both parents smoked, risks were generally greater (OR = 55.6, 95% CI = [12-20.25]). Analyses for the risk of clefting from maternal smoking, stratified by the presence or absence of the TGFA/BamH1variant, revealed that the risk of clefting among the infants with the TGFA/BamH1 variant when their mothers smoked cigarettes was much greater than the infants who had non-smoker mothers (P=0.001, OR=10.4,95% CI=[3.2,33.6]). Conclusion:The results of this study indicate that first-trimester maternal smoking and infant TGFA locus mutations are both associated with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P)

Comparison of Psychological Problem Areas in Diabetes between Diabetic Elderly Residents of Kahrizak Nursing Home With Living in Homes, In Tehran

Objectives: Due to increased growth rates of diabetes and aging in the country subject of this research was a comparison of problem areas in diabetes among diabetic elderly residents of the Nursing Home with living in the home. Methods & Materials: This study is a descriptive-analytical research and among diabetic elderly nursing home residents and elderly living at home in Tehran Who 93 persons from each group were randomly selected. PAID questionnaire used for this study (&alpha;=0.94), (validity=0.88) and statistical analysis T test, Kolmograph and Anova was performed with SPSS 16 software. Results: The testing shows a significant difference in Psychological distress in relation to diabetes management and depression-related domains. Nursing home residents in these two areas show better results (P<0.01). Both groups show better scores in men. Conclusion: Increasing the quality of life in diabetic elder people, need to indicate medical aspects and other aspects that associated with the disease. For example improving the emotional status in nursing home residents and caring in home residents, is important

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