Spatial heterogeneity in the radiogenic activity of the lunar interior: Inferences from CHACE and LLRI on Chandrayaan-1

In the past, clues on the potential radiogenic activity of the lunar interior have been obtained from the isotopic composition of noble gases like Argon. Excess Argon (40) relative to Argon (36), as compared to the solar wind composition, is generally ascribed to the radiogenic activity of the lunar interior. Almost all the previous estimates were based on, 'on-the-spot' measurements from the landing sites. Relative concentration of the isotopes of 40Ar and 36Ar along a meridian by the Chandra's Altitudinal Composition Explorer (CHACE) experiment, on the Moon Impact Probe (MIP) of India's first mission to Moon, has independently yielded clues on the possible spatial heterogeneity in the radiogenic activity of the lunar interior in addition to providing indicative 'antiquity' of the lunar surface along the ground track over the near side of the moon. These results are shown to broadly corroborate the independent topography measurements by the Lunar Laser Ranging Instrument (LLRI) in the main orbiter Chandrayaan-1. The unique combination of these experiments provided high spatial resolution data while indicating the possible close linkages between the lunar interior and the lunar ambience

Integrated Approach for Domain Dimensional Information Retrieval System by Using Neural Networks

Search engines are the most commonly used type of tool for finding relevant information on the Internet. However, today's search engines are far from perfect. Typical search queries are short, often one or two words, and can be ambiguous therefore returning inappropriate results. A precise search engine adapted to professional environments which are characterized by a domain (e.g. medicine, law, sport, and so on). In our approach, each domain has its own terminology (i.e. a set of terms that denote its concepts: team, player, etc.) and it is organized along dimensions, such as person, location, etc. The research work is focuses on personalization of information retrieval systems to achieve this we require one architecture that is to developed with immense ground knowledge on open source technologies and great Neural networks and Information retrieval system and there scope and existence. The architecture termed as ISA integrated service architecture.

Phenotypic Characterization of Escherichia Coli Isolated From Urine and Stool from Short Term and Long Term Catheterized Patients

Background: Uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli possess a number of phenotypic characters which allow them to colonize the catheter and cause infection of the same and the chances of colonization by these micro-organisms increase with the duration of catheterization. Objectives: This study was carried out to understand the differences between the phenotypic characters between the strains of E.coli isolated from the urine and gut of short term catheterized (STC) and long term catheterized (LTC) patients. Materials and Methods: Urine from the catheter and stool sample was processed by standard methods. The following special tests like α-hemolysis, haemagglutination, cell surface hydrophobicity, serum bactericidal assay, biofilm formation and congo red binding assay were performed to detect the phenotypic characters of the isolated E.coli. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby Bauer method as per the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. Results: Majority (93.75%, 75% and 81.25%) of the E.coli isolates from urine of LTC patients were positive for MRHA, cell surface hydrophobicity and resistant to serum killing respectively, while majority (93.75%) of the urine isolates from short term catheterization. On congo red agar, the majority (80% and 60%) of isolates producing rdar type of colony and biofilm respectively,were isolated from urine of long term catheterized patients. ESBL production was noted in 68.75% of the urine isolates from long term catheterized patients. Conclusion: Serum resistance and biofilm formation are significant assays in terms of differentiating between the short term and long term catheterization and by elucidating these mechanisms better, it may become easier to combat and prevent such infections

Allele-specific suppression of the temperature sensitivity of fitA/fitB mutants of Escherichia coli by a new mutation (fitC4): isolation, characterization and its implications in transcription control

The temperature sensitive transcription defective mutant of Escherichia coli originallycalled fitA76 has been shown to harbour two missense mutations namelypheS5 and fit95. In order to obtain a suppressor offitA76, possibly mapping inrpoD locus, a Ts+ derivative (JV4) was isolated from afitA76 mutant. It was found that JV4 neither harbours the lesions present in the original fitA 76 nor a suppressor that maps in or nearrpoD. We show that JV4 harbours a modified form offitA76 (designatedfitA76*) together with its suppressor. The results presented here indicate that thefit95 lesion is intact in the fitA 76* mutant and the modification should be at the position of pheS5. Based on the cotransduction of the suppressor mutation and/or its wild type allelewith pps, aroD andzdj-3124::Tn10 kan we have mapped its location to 39.01 min on theE. coli chromosome. We tentatively designate the locus defined by this new extragenic suppressoras fitC and the suppressor allele asfitC4. While fitC4 could suppress the Ts phenotype of fitA76* present in JV4, it fails to suppress the Ts phenotype of the original fitA76 mutant (harbouringpheS5 and fit95). AlsofitC4 could suppress the Ts phenotype of a strain harbouringonly pheS5. Interestingly, thefitC4 Ts phenotype could also be suppressed byfit95. The pattern of decay of pulse labelled RNA in the strains harbouring fitC4 and the fitA76* resembles that of the original fitA76 mutant implying a transcription defect similar to that offitA76 in both these mutants. The implications of these findings with special reference to transcription control by Fit factors in vivo are discussed

Esters of petroselinic acid containing Trachyspermum copticum seed oil: Potential industrial lubricant base stocks

126-134Trachyspermum copticum seed oil contains volatile oil rich in thymol, which is distilled out and used for medicinal and aromatic formulations. The seed powder after removal of the volatiles loses its importance. However, the fixed oil being rich in unsaturation with petroselinic acid (18:1, Δ6; 68.3%) and linoleic acid (18:2; 25.3%) is used for preparing biolubricant base stocks. Methyl, isopropyl and 2-ethyl hexyl esters of the oil have been converted to epoxides, followed by in situ hydroxylation and acylation using hexanoic and butyric anhydrides. The acylated products have been evaluated for lubricant properties, and are found to exhibit density (0.91-0.97 g/cc); viscosity of 23.5-27.3 cSt at 40°C and 4.85-5.33 cSt at 100°C. The values are comparable to jatropha acylated products. The products exhibited good copper corrosion resistance value of ‘1a’ and high flash points of 230-242°C. The acylated esters with good weld load behavior, and lower wear and pour point values and viscosity indices, 128.84-138.94, can be potential base stocks belonging to group III category lubricants with ISO VG Grade about 22. These products can be further explored for the preparation of hydraulic, metal working and other industrial fluid formulations