The Impact of Cluster Farming Approach in Simplification of Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) Marketing Channel of Paikgachha Upazila

A research study has been undertaken on shrimp marketing channel of Paikgachha upazila and its simplification process by cluster farming approach of WorldFish Center. The objectives of the study were to investigate the stakeholders involved in both existing shrimp marketing and simplified marketing channel and also determine the efficacy of cluster farming on good price and better raw materials quality. Study area possessed a complex marketing channel having at least eight stakeholders from production to processor namely, shrimp farmer; foria; local depots; large depots; aratdar, paikar; sub-agent; commission agents and exporter/processor thus flow of shrimps from gher to processors take about 20-30 hours that ultimately deteriorates the shrimp quality. This beset has been solved rather simplified through managing local depot works as partner NGO (PNGO) of WorldFish Center. The findings of the study revealed that the cluster farming approach simplified the marketing channel considerably than before. The farmers in the clusters received better price from their harvested shrimp without involvement of middlemen which resulted high quality of raw-materials with better price. Keywords: WorldFish Center, PNGO, cluster farming, foria, aratdar, paika

Studies on the post-mortem changes in shrimp and prawn during ice storage. Pt. 1. Organoleptic and physical changes

The organoleptic characteristics such as appearance, textural condition, colour and odour indicated that the M. rosenbergii stored in ice for 5-6 days was acceptable for processing in the industry while P. monodon under similar ice storage condition was acceptable for 8-9 days. In both species, samples stored in headless condition in ice had longer shelf life than that of stored in head-on condition. Physical changes were evaluated by determining expressible moisture and breaking strength of sample of muscles. The expressible moisture increased continuously in both samples with the lapse of storage period. The expressible moisture increased up to around 44% in 4-5 days of ice stored M. rosenbergii muscle while it was around 40% in 8-9 days ice stored P. monodon. At the end of 9 days of ice storage, the expressible moisture content in M. rosenbergii increased up to 60%, while it was up to 47% in P. monodon after 11 days of ice storage. The breaking strength declined from 0. 78 kg/cm² to 0.53 kg/cm² in tiger shrimp after 8 days of ice storage, while in case of immediately killed prawn, the breaking strength of muscle was 0.8 kg/cm² which declined to 0.43 to 0.35 kg/cm²

Studies on the post-mortem changes in shrimp and prawn during ice storage. Pt. 2. Biochemical aspects of quality changes

Studies were conducted on biochemical changes in P. monodon and M. rosenbergii during ice storage. At the end of 10 days of ice storage, moisture and protein content of freshwater prawn slightly decreased from 78.34 to '77.35% and 18.46 to 17.10, respectively, while lipid and ash content slightly increased. The moisture, crude protein, lipid and ash content of one day ice stored tiger shrimp samples were 78.07, 18.06, 1.3 and 1.29% respectively. The protein composition of freshwater prawn immediately after killed were 36.51% sarcoplasmic, 44.63% myofibrillar, 8.12% stroma and 6.44% alkali soluble protein. At the end of 10 days of ice storage, sarcoplasmic and stroma protein slightly decreased while there was little or no changes observed in myofibrillar and alkali soluble protein. In case of one day ice stored tiger shrimp, the composition of protein were 35.32% sarcoplasmic, 46.29% myofibrillar, 7.86% stroma protein and 7.08% alkali soluble protein. At the end of 10 days in ice, sarcoplasmic protein decreased from 35.32% to 32.16% while there was slight change in other protein fractions. The TVB-N value of 1 day ice stored shrimp was 10.5 mg/100g of sample. It increased gradually with the lapse of storage period and at the end of 10 days storage in ice, the value increased up to 60 mg/100g sample. The tiger head on shrimp in ice storage were found organoleptic acceptable condition for 8 days and at that time the TVB-N values were 32.2 mg/100g which is slightly above the recommended limit for TVB-N for export

Comparative study of the resolution efficiency of HPLC and HPTLC-densitometric methods for the analysis of mebeverine hydrochloride and chlordiazepoxide in their binary mixture

Accurate, rapid, and selective reversed phase HPLC and HPTLC-densitometric methods with UV detection have been developed and validated for simultaneous determination of a binary mixture of mebeverine hydrochloride (MVH) and chlordiazepoxide (CDZ) in their Co-formulation. For the HPLC method, ACE-126-2546 AQ C-18 column, (250×4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm particle size) in isocratic mode, with mobile phase containing 25 mM ammonium acetate buffer: acetonitrile in the ratio of (60:40, v:v), pH adjusted to 3±0.2 by using hydrochloric acid, the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and detection was performed at 260 nm. The retention times were 7.23±0.01 and 3.85±0.01 min for MVH and CDZ, respectively. For the HPTLC-densitometric method, the separation was performed using stationary phase pre-coated silica gel 60F254 and mobile phase ethyl acetate: methanol (8:4, v:v) were used and scanned at 222 nm with Camag TLC scanner controlled by Wincats Software. The Rf values were 0.26±0.02 and 0.73±0.01 for MVH and CDZ, respectively. The linearity graphs for MVH and CDZ, respectively, were found to be linear over 1-50 μg/mL and 0.5-40.0 μg/mL with mean percentage recoveries 100.14±0.354 and 99.70±0.764 for HPLC method and 0.5-30.0 μg/band and 1-14 μg/band with mean percentage recoveries 100.29±0.665 and 99.68±0.987 for HPTLC-densitometric method. A comparative study of different analytical validation parameters such as accuracy, precision, specificity, robustness was conducted. The obtained results were statistically compared with those of the official methods; using student t-test, F-test, and one way ANOVA, showing no significant difference with respect to accuracy and precision

The Implication, Current View and Approach in Facing Covid-19 Pandemic among Resort Entrepreneurs in Pangkor: A pilot study

The business resort owner is one of the groups hugely impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic. This article aims to determine the pandemic's implications for business resort owners and whether they have taken any new strategies or changes for the survival of their business. A total of seven business resort owners in Pulau Pangkor have been interviewed via focus group discussion as a pilot study. The paper also aims to discover their current view and approach to facing the pandemic to ensure their survival in business. Keywords: Covid-19, business resort owner, business, strategy eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA CE-Bs by E-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i20.362

Present status of harvesting, transportation and marketing of freshwater Small Indigenous Species of Fish (SIS) of Bangladesh

A survey conducted to evaluate the present status of harvesting, transportation and marketing of freshwater SIS of Bangladesh showed that among the 56 to 73 species of small indigenous fish species (SIS), mola (Amblypharyngodon mola), dhela (Osteobrama cotio cotio), puti (Barbodes sarana), tit puti (Puntius ticto), tengra (Mystus vitatus), chapila ( Gudusia chapra), batashi (Pseudotropius atherinoides), buzuri tengra (Mystus tengra), katchki (Corika soborna), gol chanda (Chanda ranga), lamba chanda (Chanda nama), phul chela (Chela phulo) and lata (Channa punctatus) are the most common. But the abundance of the mola, puti, tengra, batashi and chapila are higher than the other SIS species. Puti was at the top of the list in percentage abundance (7-9%), followed by mola (7-8%), tengra 6-7% and chapila 5-6% in all the investigated areas. Three levels of market or marketing systems were observed in the distribution channel of fish trade: primary, secondary/higher secondary and final consuming markets. Primary market is the catching point in the rural area. In secondary market, the collectors bring the fish from primary market to the landing ghats, usually to the nearest thana market or at a place well linked by rivers, road and rail transport. On purchasing the fish from the higher secondary market, the paikars sell the fish to the retailers who take it to the final consumer market. Different types of crafts and gears are used for catching the SIS in Bangladesh. Monofilament gill nets (20%), traps and line nets (25%) and seine nets (25%) are the dominant gears in respect of the total catch followed by lift net (10%) and cast net (20%). A total of 10 types of gear are listed according to their mode of operation which used for catching SIS. The processors in consumer market received higher marketing profit followed by primary market and secondary market, respectively

Osmotic dehydration kinetics of oyster mushroom

This research was carried out to study the effect of osmotic dehydration behavior of oyster mushroom. The effect of solution concentration, immersion time and temperature on mass transfer parameters were observed during osmotic dehydration of oyster mushroom at three different temperatures −12, 27 and 45°C. A number of process parameters on osmotic dehydration such as water loss (WL), solid gain (SG), and normalized solid content (NSC) were investigated. Results showed that increase in salt concentration and immersion time resulted in %WL, %SG and NSC. The highest NSC (4.09 g solids/100g of initial weight of sample) was achieved for product osmosed in 25% salt solution for 6 hr immersion time. The pseudo diffusion coefficient, k was determined by using Fick’s First Law of diffusion equation. Plotting k values against inverse absolute temperature an Arrhenius type relationship was developed from which the calculated activation energy values of 1.8 and 3.64 kcal/gm-mole were obtained for 20% and 15% salt solution respectively

First Record of Anisakis simplex

The prevalence of infection and the identification of anisakid larvae in European hake Merluccius merluccius lessepsianus from Hurghada City, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, were investigated. Fish samples were collected during the period of February and November 2014. Twenty-two (36.66%) out of sixty examined fish specimens were found to be naturally infected with Anisakis type I larvae mostly found as encapsulated larvae in visceral organs. There was a positive relationship between host length/weight and prevalence of infection. Based on morphological, morphometric, and molecular analyses, these nematodes were identified as third-stage larvae of Anisakis simplex. The present study was considered as the first report of anisakid larvae from European hake in the Egyptian water

Prevalence of selective IgA deficiency in a sample of Egyptian patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Background: Selective Immunoglobulin A deficiency (SIgAD) is known to be one of the most frequent primary immunodeficiency diseases. Several studies worldwide confirm the increased frequency of this disease among type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), yet this has not been studied in Egypt.Objective: This work aimed to define the prevalence of SIgAD among Egyptian patients with T1DM.Patients and Methods: Fifty patients with T1DM were compared to fifty apparently healthy individuals. Serum levels of IgA, IgG, and Immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels were measured by Nephelometry to all participants.Results: The mean age of the diabetic group was 24.5 ± 5.3 years. Thirty out of fifty patients with T1DM (60%) were diagnosed as SIgAD with, female predominance (66.7% of SIgAD). We also found a significant relationship between SIgAD and diabetic ketoacidosis (P-value<0.001). Serum IgA levels were positively correlated to IgG and IgM. Conclusion: The current study displays 60% prevalence of SIgAD among adult Egyptians with T1DM, which is higher than stated in other countries